Transcript
[0:04] Welcome to Mind & Life. I'm Phil Walker,
[0:07] co-producer of the show.
[0:09] And I'm here today to introduce our new
[0:11] host for the Mind & Life podcast, David
[0:14] Creswell.
[0:15] David is a professor of psychology and
[0:17] neuroscience at Carnegie Mellon
[0:20] and the chief of science at Equa health,
[0:22] among many other things, which we'll
[0:24] dive into today.
[0:26] And of course, David is well known to
[0:28] the contemplative science field and the
[0:30] Mind & Life community.
[0:31] And he has previously been a guest on
[0:34] this show.
[0:35] We'll provide links to that episode and
[0:37] other key resources about David as we
[0:39] launch into the next era of the Mind &
[0:42] Life podcast.
[0:44] So David, on behalf of everyone at Mind
[0:46] & Life, welcome and thanks for taking on
[0:49] this role as host.
[0:51] >> Oh man, thanks Phil. I'm so excited to
[0:53] be on this show today, to be the host
[0:55] for this upcoming season. I know we have
[0:57] big plans. I can't wait to tell folks
[0:59] about it. And I get to talk a little bit
[1:02] about, I think, some of the things that
[1:03] have been inspiring me lately today. So
[1:06] I'm really excited about that. I feel
[1:07] like I know what it's like to be asked a
[1:09] really good question on this show and I
[1:11] get to now, as a host,
[1:13] you know, pass that on and ask those
[1:15] questions to others. And so it's going
[1:17] to be, I think, an exciting run.
[1:19] >> Yeah.
[1:19] >> I just want to say thanks to to you,
[1:21] Phil, and to Wendy for the last 5 years.
[1:25] You know, you guys did 84, was it 84
[1:28] shows?
[1:28] >> Yeah.
[1:29] >> And you know, Wendy had this, I think,
[1:32] really amazing way to go deep with folks
[1:35] and podcasts are really great about
[1:37] that. You get to go deep with topics.
[1:39] And so I feel like I have some really
[1:41] big shoes to fill. And I know she's
[1:43] probably going to be listening these
[1:45] podcasts and still engaged. So, um,
[1:47] Wendy, thank you for for all you've done
[1:49] and, um, you know, we're going to have
[1:51] to get her back on the show, for sure.
[1:53] >> For sure. Yeah. And I also, I really
[1:55] want to encourage everyone to check out
[1:57] Wendy's interview with you from 2023.
[2:00] Like I said, we'll put a link uh, in the
[2:01] show notes for everyone. That interview
[2:04] clearly lays out your background and
[2:07] research. And I think we'll pick up a
[2:09] little bit on what you've been up to
[2:11] since that interview.
[2:12] In addition, as you noted, we'll set the
[2:14] stage for the upcoming season of the
[2:16] podcast and perhaps a little glimpse
[2:18] into the future here.
[2:20] But first, I do want to give a quick
[2:21] shout-out to Jamie Bristow, who served
[2:23] as guest host for a mini-series on
[2:26] systems change earlier this year.
[2:29] If you missed it, please go back into
[2:30] the feed and check it out. We so
[2:33] appreciate Jamie and all the guests who
[2:35] contributed to that important and really
[2:37] valuable work.
[2:39] And deep thanks to Susan Bauer, the
[2:42] president of Mind & Life, and the board
[2:44] of directors for continuing to support
[2:46] this effort.
[2:47] And I also want to lift up our dear
[2:49] colleague Erin McCarthy.
[2:51] Erin is also a producer of this show.
[2:54] Many of you know Erin. She's a professor
[2:56] of philosophy, a scholar, a mindfulness
[2:59] teacher, and much more.
[3:01] Erin has been integral to this
[3:03] transition, and I just want to express
[3:05] deep gratitude to her for guidance and
[3:08] support along the way.
[3:10] >> Yeah, you know, Phil, I'll just add that
[3:12] stepping in in this host role, I really
[3:14] got to see, you know, how these shows
[3:16] are made and just the village it takes
[3:19] to lift up this show. And, you know,
[3:22] Phil, that starts with you. You're
[3:23] behind the scenes, you're building these
[3:25] episodes, and you described yourself to
[3:28] me at one point. I hope I can share
[3:30] this, that you're the show's biggest
[3:31] super fan, you know.
[3:33] >> I am.
[3:33] >> You know, you've been in it, and I hope
[3:35] today we can spend a little bit of time
[3:37] me asking you some questions about, you
[3:40] know, some of the highlights over the
[3:41] last 5 years and where you see things
[3:44] going yourself, because you were really
[3:46] are the sort of brain behind the whole
[3:48] enterprise.
[3:50] >> Well, I defer always to the hosts of the
[3:52] show, who are really the people that
[3:54] drive it. And Wendy certainly did that,
[3:56] and she was integral to the creation of
[3:58] this. And I really look forward to where
[4:01] you're going to take the show. And you
[4:02] and Aaron and I have been talking about
[4:04] this for a couple of months now, really
[4:07] since the beginning of the year, about
[4:09] how this show can evolve, and I'm really
[4:11] excited about it. Where we're heading
[4:13] and what we're going to do. We're going
[4:14] to We're going to jump into a little bit
[4:15] of that. But first, I want to do a
[4:18] little bit of background stuff with you.
[4:21] These are some questions that always
[4:23] come up for me in terms of people who
[4:24] are guests on the show, but you as host,
[4:28] uh I want to define a little bit for our
[4:30] audience where you're coming from. So,
[4:33] you have a PhD in psychology, and you
[4:35] describe your areas of expertise, and
[4:37] I'm going to have to read these as
[4:39] clinical psychology, health
[4:41] neuroscience, health psychology,
[4:44] psychoneuroimmunology,
[4:46] and social psychology. So, I'm curious
[4:49] where these things overlap, stand apart
[4:52] from one another, but mainly what the
[4:54] relationship is between psychology and
[4:57] neuroscience.
[4:59] >> Well, one of the things I love about
[5:00] Mind and Life is it's fundamentally
[5:03] interdisciplinary, and I think some of
[5:05] the best moments for Mind and Life and
[5:08] our Contemplative Science over the years
[5:09] has been where we're sort of working at
[5:11] the boundaries between domains, whether
[5:13] that's contemplative science and
[5:15] contemplative practice, but then a lot
[5:16] of other domains have really, I think,
[5:18] informed uh so many of the, you know,
[5:21] catalytic moments for Mind and Life over
[5:24] the years. And so, you know, I I think I
[5:27] I adopt that interdisciplinary approach,
[5:29] in my own work, and certainly looking at
[5:32] neuroscience and psychology uh as as
[5:36] sort of one boundary that I like to play
[5:38] in. And, you know, I think
[5:40] fundamentally, if you ask me who I am,
[5:42] I'm an experimental health psychologist.
[5:44] You know, that's where where I sort of
[5:47] put my my home base. Um and you know,
[5:51] part of that work early on was really
[5:53] studying the mechanisms of of
[5:55] mindfulness meditation. How is it that
[5:57] paying attention to our experience with
[5:59] real intention and openness can
[6:02] transform our suffering and increase our
[6:04] fulfillment in life. And,
[6:06] you know, when we talk about mechanisms,
[6:08] neuroscience provides one set of
[6:09] mechanisms and looking at the brain and
[6:12] in our biology in meaningful ways. And I
[6:14] I definitely early in my career dipped
[6:17] my toes in there and was doing some
[6:19] neuroimaging work looking at brain
[6:20] mechanisms. But then I also brought in
[6:23] psychoneuroimmunology, which is this
[6:26] field that's really focused on brain
[6:28] immune interactions. And like how does
[6:30] our brain and our immune system how does
[6:33] our brain and our peripheral stress
[6:35] biology talk to each other? What's the
[6:36] sort of biological links there? And so I
[6:39] brought that in
[6:40] in my early work as well. And you know,
[6:43] I'm still a psychologist at heart. I was
[6:45] trained as a social and health
[6:47] psychologist at UCLA. You know, I got my
[6:49] PhD in 2007. And so, you know, a lot of
[6:53] my interest really is focused on
[6:55] people's
[6:56] thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. And
[6:59] you know, how we can transform people's
[7:01] suffering. So there's certainly like a
[7:03] clinical applications piece. And I feel
[7:05] like to be for at least for me a good
[7:09] contemplative scientist, it's about
[7:11] adopting these different lenses and
[7:13] bringing in these different ways of
[7:15] knowing people. And you know, I think
[7:18] Mind & Life has really pushed me to also
[7:19] think about first-person experience and
[7:21] phenomenology.
[7:23] You know, practicing these contemplative
[7:25] practices really opens us up into being
[7:28] astute first-person observers and
[7:31] understanding subjective experience in
[7:33] unique ways. And so I feel like getting
[7:35] to be the the host of this podcast is
[7:37] amazing cuz I get to talk to people
[7:39] about these intersections between
[7:41] spaces.
[7:43] >> Yeah.
[7:43] >> And a lot of my early work really
[7:45] focused on, you know, looking at these
[7:48] biological mechanisms. And to be honest,
[7:51] I still do some of that work, but a lot
[7:53] of my work in the last 10 years has
[7:55] really focused on translation. So how do
[7:58] we scale up these programs in ways that
[8:00] are going to make an impact in
[8:02] populations of people and systems? And
[8:04] so, you know, I've started having these
[8:06] really interesting conversations with
[8:08] implementation scientists and
[8:11] um and system scientists and thinking
[8:14] about, you know, how we can scale these
[8:15] things up and
[8:16] you know, I think we're going to see
[8:17] some of that um this season. We're going
[8:19] to talk about system science in a couple
[8:21] of different ways and uh we're also
[8:24] going to talk about mechanisms, too. So,
[8:25] I think it'll be a fun season where we
[8:27] can really get into uh thinking about
[8:30] contemplative science and practice at
[8:32] these different scales.
[8:34] >> That's fantastic and I I think health,
[8:37] obviously, is a key to
[8:39] really almost everyone's life on some
[8:42] level. And I I know that since we
[8:44] interviewed you and in 2023, you've had
[8:47] a lot happening. And and maybe just give
[8:50] us some updates on the research you've
[8:52] been doing, the work you've been doing,
[8:53] writing, et cetera. Whatever's been
[8:55] really, you know, up for you over these
[8:57] last few years.
[8:58] >> Yeah, maybe I'll mention just uh a
[9:00] couple here. I mean, one is we're still
[9:02] in my lab really interested in these
[9:05] biological mechanisms and and these
[9:07] clinical outcomes and and applications.
[9:10] And so, you know, we're finishing up um
[9:13] a 5-year project looking at mindfulness
[9:16] training for folks with irritable bowel
[9:18] syndrome. So, sort of looking at these
[9:19] functional pain disorders.
[9:22] And really looking at how mindfulness
[9:24] training can transform people's symptoms
[9:26] in these contexts. But, we're also
[9:28] collecting stool samples and looking at
[9:30] the gut microbiome and how mindfulness
[9:32] meditation training might be changing
[9:34] um you know, gut microbiome signals. So,
[9:37] um that work continues. Um I'm really
[9:41] interested, too,
[9:42] in questions around digital meditation
[9:46] apps.
[9:47] >> Mhm.
[9:47] >> Simon Goldberg and I just wrote a review
[9:49] on this for the American Psychologist.
[9:51] So, we've been spending the last couple
[9:53] of years, um he and I and others,
[9:56] thinking about this digital meditation
[9:58] app space. Because, frankly, in the last
[9:59] 10 years, especially, we've seen this
[10:02] just dramatic adoption of these apps. If
[10:05] you look at the top five meditation
[10:07] apps, there's been over 300 million
[10:09] downloads of those apps.
[10:10] >> Wow.
[10:11] >> Um so, these are like amazing numbers
[10:13] for people worldwide um having access. I
[10:16] think there's been a lot of question
[10:17] about how effective these apps are and
[10:20] the initial clinical trials in that
[10:21] space. And frankly, like people aren't
[10:23] sticking around on these apps. Um so, if
[10:26] you look at you know, 30-day continued
[10:30] practice, you know, about 4% of people
[10:32] who download these apps continue to use
[10:34] them after 30 days.
[10:36] >> Mhm.
[10:36] >> So, you know, we've got a real
[10:37] engagement challenge there as well. And
[10:39] frankly, digital meditation apps just
[10:41] look really different than a lot of our
[10:43] kind of gold standard approaches to
[10:45] in-person meditation training, whether
[10:46] that's on retreats or with the
[10:48] mindfulness-based stress reduction
[10:50] program. And so,
[10:51] I've been working on digital app studies
[10:53] trying to understand this space. And one
[10:56] of the unique questions that we're just
[10:57] starting to work on is like, how do
[10:59] people's mindfulness skills first occur?
[11:03] >> Mhm.
[11:04] >> When people are first starting these
[11:05] apps, you know, how much is enough?
[11:07] >> Um
[11:08] >> in terms of starting to build these
[11:09] skills. So, we've got some new
[11:12] dose-ranging trials where we're
[11:13] manipulating the amount of dose that
[11:15] people are getting and looking at
[11:17] outcomes and and mechanisms in that
[11:19] case. So, I think that's going to be a
[11:20] really exciting next step for for my
[11:22] lab.
[11:23] >> Well, I want to ask you about that
[11:24] because if you think about the
[11:27] experience of learning meditation in a
[11:30] traditional context, you would be with a
[11:33] group, probably on a retreat, maybe in
[11:36] some kind of uh study group or something
[11:38] like that. And you're actually being
[11:40] guided by a teacher through how to
[11:43] actually meditate. And whereas an app,
[11:46] the some of them are very good, but it's
[11:48] a different context. You're sitting at
[11:49] home, you've got an electronic device in
[11:51] front of you. So, how do you see those
[11:53] two things um sort of weighing out as
[11:57] approaches to learning meditation
[11:59] practice?
[12:01] >> Yeah, I'm glad you asked about that.
[12:02] I've got so much to say on this topic,
[12:03] but
[12:04] >> Good.
[12:04] >> Um yeah, I I I think it's so important
[12:08] that the the group context, the direct
[12:11] connection with a teacher, that
[12:13] practicing with others as ways to really
[12:17] lubricate the practice and build these
[12:19] skills more effectively. So, I don't
[12:21] discount all of the kind of in-person
[12:24] and group-based um elements that are
[12:26] these important elements for for success
[12:29] with these programs. So, I I think
[12:31] they're really valuable. And there's a
[12:32] couple of studies in this space. There's
[12:35] also the fact that we've been doing
[12:38] trials where we take those things out
[12:40] and still see benefits. So, Jon
[12:42] Kabat-Zinn, his early work with
[12:44] psoriasis patients, you know, he had
[12:46] these psoriasis patients practicing
[12:48] alone, never with a teacher, just for a
[12:50] couple of minutes while they were
[12:52] getting treatment for their psoriasis,
[12:54] you know, this sort of itchy skin lesion
[12:57] um that are sort of skin lesions that
[12:59] can pop up. And you know, he saw
[13:01] fourfold faster clearing rates. And just
[13:04] a plug, we're going to have Jon on the
[13:05] show this season. And I'm going to ask
[13:08] him about that study because I talk
[13:10] about it a lot. And a lot of times when
[13:12] we think about Jon Kabat-Zinn, we think
[13:14] like he's one of the best at group-based
[13:17] mindfulness training. And here he is,
[13:19] you know, doing this this study with
[13:21] psoriasis patients where he doesn't give
[13:22] them groups or
[13:24] access to a teacher. So, you know, we'll
[13:26] have to see how he sits with this. But,
[13:28] you know, clearly we have these signals
[13:29] that it works um or can be really
[13:31] helpful for folks. And you know, we have
[13:34] to weigh the group-based approaches, the
[13:37] in-person based approaches with the fact
[13:39] that we can scale these programs. So,
[13:42] now, you know, I grew up in Lincoln,
[13:43] Nebraska, and I think like, what about
[13:45] all those people in rural Nebraska who
[13:47] didn't have easy access to an MBSR
[13:49] teacher or group? Well, now they can
[13:51] download apps wherever they are, and at
[13:54] least get into and start building these
[13:56] skills. So, I think there's a lot of
[13:57] value in them, too.
[13:59] And frankly, if you look at the horizon
[14:03] for where our digital technologies are
[14:05] going, we're building live group-based
[14:08] and interactive approaches to these
[14:11] contemplative practices. And so, you
[14:13] know, it's going to be a blip in history
[14:14] here where we don't have ways to connect
[14:17] with groups and teachers uh online and
[14:20] you know, people are already doing this.
[14:21] I I was so impressed with all these MBSR
[14:24] teachers during the pandemic, you know,
[14:26] going to remote-based programs where
[14:28] they're they're shifting to online and I
[14:31] know even Jon Kabat-Zinn's been doing
[14:33] these, you know, online meditation
[14:35] groups on Zoom and you know, I think we
[14:37] got to talk to him about that, too,
[14:39] because it's an interesting space where
[14:42] I think um teachers are innovating and
[14:45] figuring out ways to to get the best of
[14:47] both worlds.
[14:48] >> Yeah. You know, it's interesting you
[14:50] mentioned the the number of downloads
[14:52] for digital apps and then the lack of
[14:55] continued engagement and I think I think
[14:57] both of those speak to something.
[14:58] There's a desire, but there's also a
[15:00] challenge, right?
[15:01] >> Yeah.
[15:02] >> And I I I wonder if that intention to
[15:05] download an app and to use it is
[15:06] speaking to something that you've also
[15:08] done a lot of work on, which is stress.
[15:11] And I'm curious if maybe you could share
[15:13] a little bit about your work on stress
[15:15] and in particular something you focus
[15:18] on, which is discomfort. And I'm very
[15:20] curious about that as well. So, how
[15:22] would you frame your work on stress and
[15:24] discomfort and maybe share a little bit
[15:26] around that?
[15:27] >> Yeah. Well, it comes out of that
[15:29] discussion I had with Wendy on the
[15:31] podcast a couple of years ago where we
[15:33] were talking about equanimity and how
[15:35] mindfulness training really builds these
[15:37] skills of being open and receptive to
[15:40] your present moment experience. So,
[15:42] you're learning how to um be
[15:45] non-reactive and curious to your
[15:47] experience even if that experience is
[15:49] otherwise uncomfortable or or
[15:51] challenging.
[15:53] And so, you know, part of the work that
[15:55] we've been doing is really building this
[15:57] equanimity science. You know, equanimity
[15:59] is this capacity for being kind of open
[16:02] to the push and pull of your experience.
[16:04] >> Yeah.
[16:05] >> I think we're going to have Shinzen
[16:06] Young on this season and I'm going to
[16:08] ask him about equanimity because he's
[16:10] been doing uh so much work in his life
[16:13] as a contemplative practice teacher
[16:15] around teaching, you know, these
[16:16] equanimity skills. So, we'll do a deeper
[16:18] dive there with him for sure. But, I
[16:21] think this equanimity science that I've
[16:24] been working on over a number of years
[16:26] has really pushed me to start thinking
[16:28] about like what it means to lean into
[16:30] discomfort and that so many stressors
[16:34] that are in our lives to the degree that
[16:36] we're sort of leaning in and opening up
[16:38] to those stressors can transform
[16:41] um that stressful experience and
[16:43] transform how we react to it and
[16:45] transform um how that stress impacts our
[16:49] our health and well-being over time. And
[16:51] so, you know, I've got this new set of
[16:53] talks that I've been giving over the
[16:55] last year and a half on leaning into
[16:56] discomfort and that
[16:58] you know, interestingly, I think we
[17:00] think about meditation as being, you
[17:02] know, a very kind of well well, some
[17:05] people do anyway. They think about it as
[17:06] a very relaxing activity. You know, it's
[17:08] about uh relaxation. In fact, I think
[17:11] what meditation actually is is spending
[17:14] a lot of time with a broad range of
[17:17] benign discomforts and learning how to
[17:20] work with our attention to open up to
[17:22] those experiences and not react to them
[17:25] and get curious about them. And each
[17:27] time you're sort of doing these like
[17:28] little equanimity reps and you're
[17:30] building these equanimity skills such
[17:32] that when you go out and you meet big
[17:34] stressors out in the world, you're
[17:36] you're meeting them in a different way
[17:38] and you're not reacting in the same way.
[17:40] And
[17:41] meditation is like a beautifully
[17:43] oriented system for making people
[17:46] uncomfortable. And yes, it can make
[17:49] people feel relaxed and there's all
[17:50] sorts of deep states
[17:52] you know, jhana experiences and there
[17:54] there's a there's a deep end there that
[17:55] can happen, too. But, for most people,
[17:57] most of the time, anyone who's listening
[18:00] this has been on retreat can say like it
[18:02] is a workout, you know, it is a marathon
[18:04] that you're running dealing with
[18:06] a whole range of challenges from
[18:08] sleepiness to agitation to to boredom to
[18:12] body discomfort and that um
[18:16] in my view, and maybe this is where I've
[18:18] really changed a lot over the last
[18:19] couple years is that those moments of
[18:23] leaning into discomfort are the moments
[18:25] where you're really building skills and
[18:27] meditation is working its best. And I
[18:29] think that's a major rebranding because
[18:31] I think a lot of people think, oh man,
[18:33] I'm really struggling with meditation
[18:35] right now. I must be doing it wrong. And
[18:37] I think one one of my big messages that
[18:40] that I talked about with Wendy is that
[18:41] no, that's like it's it's working its
[18:43] best.
[18:44] >> That was a key takeaway for me from that
[18:47] interview you did with Wendy. And I've
[18:50] shared that with with many people who've
[18:52] asked me about meditation, not that I'm
[18:54] a meditation teacher and it or an expert
[18:56] in any way, but the first many years of
[18:59] meditation I struggled and I would say
[19:02] what I hear many people say is, well,
[19:05] I'm just not good at meditation.
[19:07] And and I said that to myself all the
[19:10] time. And I would see pictures of people
[19:13] obviously in beautiful serene poses
[19:16] seemingly filled with bliss.
[19:19] And that wasn't me. Uh that was me
[19:21] instead struggling with my own mind and
[19:23] my own thoughts and my own body
[19:24] discomforts and all those things. And so
[19:26] really appreciated your reframing of
[19:28] that. And then of course later on I came
[19:30] to realize, well, that's the practice,
[19:33] right? Is getting comfortable with that.
[19:34] And I loved how you compared it to
[19:37] you know, exercise. Like if we go to the
[19:39] gym and we're lifting weights,
[19:40] >> Yeah.
[19:41] >> are we good at lifting weights? I don't
[19:43] know. Uh we're just doing it, right? And
[19:45] we get stronger over time. So And then I
[19:48] think there's so many benefits that come
[19:49] out of it. So I I I do I use that uh
[19:52] reference to uh your work around that
[19:55] all the time.
[19:56] >> Yeah, I mean, I think meditation is like
[19:58] a gym workout. Um it's not always a
[20:01] massage, you know.
[20:03] >> Uh
[20:03] >> Mhm.
[20:04] >> Uh or at least a Swedish massage. Maybe
[20:06] not Maybe it's more like a deep tissue
[20:08] massage, you know.
[20:09] >> Yeah.
[20:10] >> You're really working with deep stuff
[20:12] and you're working fundamentally with
[20:14] your own suffering. And your you're
[20:16] changing your relationship one rep at a
[20:19] time to your own suffering. And
[20:22] if we think about it that way, it then
[20:25] kind of transforms how you think about
[20:26] your meditation went in that oh, wow,
[20:29] like I really I had a lot of challenges
[20:31] this time, but I each time I I I kept
[20:34] building this capacity to be okay in
[20:37] that experience to to be able to
[20:39] with open eyes and open heart just sort
[20:41] of
[20:42] move into that experience. And so, I I
[20:45] just I do I hold a special place for
[20:47] meditation
[20:48] and different forms of contemplative
[20:50] practice that allow you to work in this
[20:52] space. And I've also realized that maybe
[20:56] meditation isn't in its own category. In
[20:59] fact, you know, exercise, psychotherapy,
[21:03] journaling, cold water plunges,
[21:07] you know, these are all ways that we get
[21:09] people to move into discomfort and to
[21:12] open to that discomfort. And that maybe
[21:14] meditation is part of a much broader
[21:17] kind of category of ways that we can
[21:20] build our resilience and and well-being.
[21:24] And that maybe meditation is a bit more
[21:26] explicit about it in terms of ways to
[21:28] really practice that open welcoming
[21:30] stance, but that it's not unique. In
[21:32] fact, there may be other practices that
[21:34] are doing these things. So, that's kind
[21:36] of the ideas that I've been playing in
[21:37] right now. And that to the degree that
[21:39] we do that, we can really transform
[21:41] stressful experiences into being
[21:44] um not threats, but challenges that um
[21:47] help us grow and adapt.
[21:50] >> I'm really curious about the
[21:51] >> discomfort piece, too, cuz I I run into
[21:53] that a lot. There's probably a tendency
[21:55] for many of us to be what I often refer
[21:58] to as harmonizers. We kind of want the
[21:59] world to be okay, right? And but
[22:02] sometimes the world is a discomforting
[22:03] place, right?
[22:04] >> Yeah.
[22:05] >> And I'm curious how you think about
[22:07] that.
[22:07] >> Mhm.
[22:07] >> We're in the world, we're socially
[22:09] engaged in some way, and some discomfort
[22:11] comes along. And like, how does that
[22:13] sense of having a relationship with
[22:15] discomfort act for you? Like, where do
[22:17] you go when you feel uncomfortable in a
[22:20] certain situation?
[22:21] >> Oh, man. Well, I think our a
[22:25] knee-jerk response when discomfort hits
[22:27] us to
[22:29] distract ourselves, move away from that
[22:31] discomfort. And so, these practices of
[22:35] radically throwing yourself into the
[22:37] experience of that discomfort and
[22:39] opening up,
[22:40] you know, feel, um,
[22:42] contrary to kind of what our knee-jerk
[22:44] reactions are. And so,
[22:46] I think a lot of these practices give us
[22:48] an opportunity
[22:50] to play in that space and play with how
[22:53] our mind can, I think, play tricks on us
[22:56] or have us reframe the experience, uh,
[22:59] so quickly. And I think if we can
[23:01] practice, whether that's with exercise
[23:03] or meditation, it gives us an
[23:04] opportunity to,
[23:06] um, try something new and try turning
[23:08] our attention toward that experience.
[23:11] And,
[23:12] you know, I'll tell you, we like did a
[23:13] study early on with smokers where we we
[23:16] brought smokers in, we showed them these
[23:18] really desirable smoking cues, and, um,
[23:23] we told some of them to like, just, you
[23:25] know, allow and accept your experience
[23:28] as it's happening. We just gave them
[23:29] that simple prompt. We hadn't taught
[23:31] them meditation per se yet, but we were
[23:33] just asking them to kind of turn toward
[23:35] and open up. And we found that just by
[23:37] doing that, relative to, you know,
[23:39] control blocks, that they they reduced
[23:42] their their kind of craving response to
[23:45] the smoking images, and that also
[23:46] reduced their distress. So, I think we
[23:49] have this assumption that like
[23:51] when I'm feeling discomfort or I'm
[23:53] feeling craving, for example,
[23:56] by putting my attention on it and really
[23:59] opening to it, it's going to make it a
[24:00] lot worse. And certainly it is going to
[24:03] sensitize us to that experience, but
[24:04] there's there's so much wisdom in those
[24:06] moments of turning toward that we can we
[24:09] can learn. And most people, like those
[24:11] smokers in our study,
[24:13] they were kind of surprised. Like, oh,
[24:14] it didn't bother me as much, you know,
[24:17] um, as I sort of opened up and allowed
[24:19] that experience to happen. I wasn't
[24:20] fighting with it anymore.
[24:22] And, you know, we also that was a brain
[24:24] imaging study. We found that it also
[24:25] turned down their brain's craving
[24:27] response. So, we'll link to this study,
[24:30] I think, in the show notes. This is a a
[24:31] Cecilia Westbrook. She led the the
[24:33] paper. But, I was just so interested in
[24:35] this. This was 2013 when we had this.
[24:37] This was actually a Varela grant study.
[24:40] So, Mind & Life has these amazing Varela
[24:42] grants. We got one of those to support
[24:43] that project. And, really, I think
[24:45] kicked off for me this whole new kind of
[24:47] equanimity science agenda in my own
[24:50] research.
[24:51] >> I love that. And, it also speaks to
[24:54] areas of addiction, which is such a
[24:55] struggle for most people, right? In some
[24:58] frame, yeah. So, is there anything else
[25:00] you want to talk about with regard to
[25:02] your more recent work or anything that's
[25:04] come up for you?
[25:06] >> Yeah, you know, I mentioned that I'm
[25:07] really thinking about scaling up these
[25:10] meditation programs and implementation
[25:12] science and and digital meditation apps
[25:15] because I think these meditation apps
[25:17] allow us, you know, not to bring 300
[25:20] irritable bowel syndrome patients into
[25:22] the lab and do a deep dive on studying
[25:23] them, but to actually study 3,000
[25:26] irritable bowel syndrome patients out in
[25:28] the world and give them an app out there
[25:30] and and look at how we're impacting
[25:33] their their daily lives. And, so, about
[25:36] 5 years ago, I started a a meditation
[25:38] app company called Equa Health. Uh Equa
[25:41] is short for equanimity. We really
[25:42] wanted to figure out ways to to bring
[25:45] these equanimity skills to more people.
[25:47] And, I just want to call out, you know,
[25:49] as I've worked in this meditation app
[25:51] space, it's created this really unique
[25:53] conflict where we have these commercial
[25:55] offerings like this commercial work that
[25:57] I'm doing
[25:58] >> Yeah.
[25:58] >> around trying to scale this work up.
[26:00] And, you know, ultimately, my hope is
[26:02] that it's actually going to really be a
[26:04] tool for researchers in in ways that we
[26:07] can, you know, study meditation training
[26:10] out in the world. But, it does create
[26:12] this interesting conflict. And, I know
[26:13] we're going to have people on the show
[26:14] that are in the same boat where we've
[26:16] been starting to work with these
[26:17] different commercial entities. And, so,
[26:19] I think my hope as a host is to really
[26:21] be transparent about that um in the show
[26:24] and in our show notes so that people can
[26:26] make their own decisions on how they
[26:27] want to interpret some of that
[26:29] information. And, then, also just to
[26:31] uphold the fact that like this type of
[26:33] new set of conflicts is a sign of
[26:36] maturity for the field and that there
[26:39] are lots of people out there who are
[26:41] wanting to build products and build ways
[26:44] for people to train out in the world. I
[26:46] do think that's a really interesting new
[26:48] direction where a lot of us scientists
[26:50] are kind of negotiating like how do we
[26:52] work with some of these commercial
[26:54] entities and how do we work with
[26:55] industry in ways that's going to be you
[26:57] know, consistent with our values and
[26:59] consistent with making an impact because
[27:01] there's just so much interest. I just
[27:03] think that's great. And so my real
[27:05] approach in the space has been for us to
[27:07] turn our attention toward it and for
[27:09] scientists to be working with industry
[27:11] in ways to build better products and
[27:14] ultimately help more people.
[27:16] >> Yeah. Well, and I think it's the nature
[27:18] of academia now it's the new world, the
[27:21] real world that's been evolving for a
[27:23] while. Almost everyone I know in
[27:26] academia
[27:27] has some connection to a commercial
[27:31] enterprise or a private lab or
[27:33] entrepreneurial endeavor. It just seems
[27:35] to go with the territory. So I
[27:37] appreciate you sharing that and and
[27:39] bringing that up and probably many of
[27:40] our guests will be in similar situations
[27:42] as well.
[27:43] >> Yeah.
[27:44] >> So let's dive into the podcast itself.
[27:47] First thing is I'm really curious why
[27:49] you were interested in taking on this
[27:52] role as host. You've touched on it a
[27:53] little bit, but just curious any other
[27:55] thoughts you may have around you in this
[27:58] new role.
[27:59] >> Well, those 84 episodes that you and
[28:02] Wendy did where you're talking to some
[28:06] of the best contemplative
[28:09] teachers and scientists and spending
[28:12] really an hour, hour and 15 minutes just
[28:15] taking a deep dive into their work and
[28:17] the way they were thinking
[28:19] was just such an amazing resource for me
[28:22] because there's so much more that can
[28:24] happen in this long-form format of a
[28:26] podcast that's more personal and
[28:29] relevant than I could get in just
[28:31] reading their papers or work or even
[28:34] hearing them give a talk. And
[28:36] I am so excited to kind of continue
[28:38] that, and I want to continue that
[28:40] thrust. I think that we shouldn't change
[28:43] the secret sauce of that success.
[28:45] And I think, you know, what we do so
[28:47] well on this podcast that I want to
[28:49] continue is really looking at that
[28:51] intersection between contemplative
[28:53] scholarship and contemplative practice.
[28:56] And trying to see what wisdom we can
[28:58] pull out of that intersection.
[29:00] >> Yeah, I really appreciate you coming in
[29:02] to be host of the show and bring your
[29:04] unique experience and perspective,
[29:06] background, and all of that into this
[29:09] work. So, look, let's let's dive into
[29:12] what people can expect for the season
[29:14] coming up, some of the guests that we
[29:16] know that we're going to have on the
[29:17] show. There's some good stuff coming, so
[29:19] let's let's do a little preview for the
[29:21] audience here.
[29:22] >> Actually, Phil, before we do the
[29:24] preview, can I ask you a couple
[29:26] questions?
[29:27] >> Of course.
[29:28] >> Can I turn it back on you? I feel like
[29:30] you were so engaged. I mean, I don't
[29:32] think folks know, but for every episode
[29:34] that you released,
[29:36] you were working on cuts of it, you were
[29:38] looking deeply at those things, and I
[29:41] know over our conversations,
[29:43] there were so many moments for you that
[29:46] like would sort of fly by, or maybe fly
[29:48] under the radar of a first-time
[29:50] listener, but then as you were listening
[29:52] back in those episodes and you were
[29:53] working on them, there was like this
[29:55] profound wisdom or spark for you. And I
[29:58] know you you talked about some piece
[30:00] that I had in my in my interview with
[30:02] Wendy, but I'm just curious, as you look
[30:04] back at those 84 episodes, were there
[30:06] any like just off the top of your head
[30:08] like
[30:09] moments where you're like, "Ooh, like
[30:12] that was really interesting, um that we
[30:15] should be connecting to people." And
[30:17] maybe we can in the show notes, you
[30:18] know, link to some of these episodes
[30:20] because
[30:21] I feel like you saw things that that I
[30:23] didn't catch.
[30:24] >> Well, I really appreciate that question.
[30:27] And I want to answer it in a way that
[30:29] speaks to this idea of repeated
[30:32] listenings.
[30:33] Something that I felt with many of these
[30:36] podcasts is that on a first listen
[30:39] you only catch so much of it.
[30:41] And the depth of anyone's work the
[30:43] complexity of any given conversation
[30:46] often times I think begs for repeat
[30:49] listens.
[30:50] And of course I have the benefit on
[30:53] every show of listening many times. It's
[30:55] just part of the production process.
[30:57] >> Yeah.
[30:58] >> So given that
[31:00] my favorite show by far is with John
[31:03] Powell.
[31:04] >> Mhm.
[31:05] >> And this is a show that goes back to our
[31:07] first season.
[31:09] So John is the director of the Othering
[31:11] and Belonging Institute at the
[31:12] University of California, Berkeley.
[31:15] He's a lawyer, a professor, a civil
[31:18] rights advocate
[31:20] and really just a remarkable human
[31:22] being.
[31:23] So in the episode he unpacks the wisdom
[31:27] of a lifetime.
[31:29] John uses the lens of race and civil
[31:32] rights and othering
[31:34] to focus on what it really means to be
[31:37] human I think.
[31:39] And he addresses all sorts of issues,
[31:41] implicit bias, structural changes social
[31:45] instability
[31:46] personal anxiety
[31:48] and even how the self is constructed.
[31:51] And he does it all fluidly and
[31:54] seamlessly
[31:55] with great nuance through a variety of
[31:57] perspectives, cultural, political,
[32:00] economic, spiritual, psychological
[32:04] all of it toward what he refers to as
[32:07] bridging.
[32:08] Bridging groups of people, bridging
[32:10] communities and even bridging entire
[32:13] countries.
[32:14] So I won't get too far into it except to
[32:16] say that I have returned to this episode
[32:19] many times over the years.
[32:21] And each time I hear something new.
[32:24] I hear the thing that I need to hear,
[32:26] right?
[32:28] And these aren't just talking points.
[32:30] These are real insights and tools that I
[32:34] can use in everyday life.
[32:36] So I'll just say this, even if you have
[32:38] a good understanding of all these
[32:40] issues,
[32:41] I still recommend you give John a
[32:43] listen. It's that good and it's that
[32:47] important.
[32:48] And we'll be sure to put a link in the
[32:50] show notes for that episode.
[32:52] >> That's great. Um but just to call out
[32:54] Phil, I just love the way that you you
[32:57] approach this and just the care that you
[33:00] take to really transform this show or
[33:03] uplift it into something that people
[33:05] will want to listen to multiple times
[33:06] and you're right that John Powell
[33:07] episode, so good. Um
[33:10] >> Yeah.
[33:10] >> And you know, we talk a lot about
[33:12] systems change and we talk a lot about
[33:14] psychology and how we relate to
[33:16] experience and he kind of puts it all
[33:18] together and he says it in this kind of
[33:20] understated way that you're like, wait a
[33:22] minute. No, no, that was that was really
[33:25] big, you know? And but for him it was
[33:27] just of course, this is how the world
[33:29] works.
[33:30] >> Yeah. Yeah, I agree.
[33:32] >> And Phil, just one more question before
[33:34] we turn to the next season. Do you feel
[33:36] like working on this podcast has changed
[33:39] your own approach to your own
[33:40] contemplative practice?
[33:43] >> I feel like every episode delivers
[33:47] decades of wisdom that our guests have
[33:52] distilled and so there's always always
[33:55] takeaways for me and you know, it's
[33:58] interesting you you make that analogy
[34:00] about about reps and I think of it the
[34:03] same way and you even mentioned this
[34:05] like with therapy. I think of this show
[34:07] in that way too. You know, even as just
[34:10] a super fan of the show,
[34:13] I'm listening and absorbing
[34:16] all the nuggets and they they I think
[34:19] come together in a way that continues to
[34:23] evolve and inform just my own life and
[34:27] so this show for me and and other ways
[34:30] that I engage in the contemplative
[34:32] science field, um I think it helps
[34:35] inform how I practice and I think of
[34:38] practice as life. Mhm. Like how you show
[34:40] up at the grocery store, how you show up
[34:42] when a family member calls, and believe
[34:45] me, most days
[34:48] equanimity is hard to find.
[34:49] >> Yeah.
[34:50] >> So, I think uh
[34:52] the opportunity to listen to our guests
[34:54] and uh hear what they have to share and
[34:56] and I think for you as host to be able
[34:59] to really dig into the nuance of a lot
[35:02] of these topics um will continue to be
[35:05] rich and beneficial hopefully for our
[35:07] guests, but certainly I know it will be
[35:08] for me.
[35:09] >> Yeah, I I think there are a lot of
[35:11] lessons and reps. This is a a form of
[35:14] practice, you know, uh getting to work
[35:16] on this podcast. Well, so I also just
[35:18] mentioned um
[35:19] we have an email account for this
[35:22] podcast.
[35:24] And um what what's the name of that
[35:26] email account?
[35:27] >> podcast@mindonlife.org
[35:30] >> Awesome.
[35:31] >> We'll link that in there, too. Yeah,
[35:32] yeah. So, I really do encourage people
[35:35] to write to us and share their uh
[35:38] insights and thoughts and questions and
[35:41] uh hopefully you and I can surface some
[35:42] of those things uh in uh this season and
[35:45] the seasons to come.
[35:46] >> Yeah. Yeah, and we're going to read all
[35:47] of it. So, we're really open to feedback
[35:50] and trying to make these shows as
[35:52] helpful as they can.
[35:53] >> Yeah. So, David, let's dive into uh a
[35:56] little bit of this preview of uh some of
[35:58] the guests that'll be on the show this
[35:59] season.
[36:00] >> Oh, man, we're going to have a great
[36:02] season. In 2 weeks uh we've got Jon
[36:04] Kabat-Zinn coming on and he's been
[36:07] working with mindfulness-based stress
[36:09] reduction and teaching mindfulness
[36:10] meditation for over four decades.
[36:14] He started by bringing it into the
[36:15] hospital and you know, that episode's
[36:18] really going to focus on like what is he
[36:20] doing now? And
[36:21] >> Yeah.
[36:22] >> you know, he's told me that he's like
[36:24] genuinely loves teaching meditation to
[36:26] thousands of people over Zoom, which is
[36:28] not how I think about John.
[36:29] >> Yeah.
[36:30] >> Um so, we're going to take a deeper dive
[36:32] on some of those topics and you know, I
[36:34] assume he's going to remind us for an
[36:36] hour about how to really pay attention
[36:38] to our present moment experience.
[36:41] Uh he has this way of doing that.
[36:43] >> You know, John has previously been on uh
[36:45] the show.
[36:46] And my feeling is it's always good to
[36:49] connect with John. And I'm so happy that
[36:51] he's going to be on the show again. He
[36:53] has a unique perspective, and I think so
[36:55] many people in our audience already know
[36:58] John Kabat-Zinn, but uh tune in cuz it's
[37:01] always a fun ride with John.
[37:03] >> Yeah, so speaking of foundational
[37:05] leaders, we're also going to have Richie
[37:07] Davidson and Sona Dimidjian together on
[37:10] one show.
[37:11] These are big leaders in the field.
[37:13] They've both been on the podcast before.
[37:15] Richie's, you know, one of our leading
[37:18] affective neuroscientists, contemplative
[37:20] scientists. And Sona is a wonderful
[37:22] professor of clinical psychology.
[37:25] Um and she's also the board chair for
[37:27] Mind & Life. I think she came in um
[37:30] Yeah.
[37:30] >> Just this year. Yeah.
[37:31] >> Yeah.
[37:31] >> Um so we get these like major leaders in
[37:34] the space. And so I'm going to take
[37:36] advantage of that and really ask them to
[37:39] reflect on what were some of the biggest
[37:41] moments in contemplative science as it's
[37:43] really sort of evolved over the last 30
[37:45] years and come into being kind of a
[37:47] fringe topic to something, you know,
[37:50] scientifically mainstream.
[37:52] So part of the show's going to be
[37:53] focused on looking back at some of these
[37:55] major moments and major studies. And
[37:58] then also
[37:59] I'm going to push them on where does the
[38:00] field need to go next, you know? So
[38:03] we'll start to get their ideas on ways
[38:05] where we can really I think make impacts
[38:07] and push our field forward in the in the
[38:08] coming decade or two. So that'll be an
[38:10] exciting show.
[38:12] >> Yeah, I'm looking forward to having Sona
[38:13] and Richie together.
[38:15] >> Yeah, I think they'll be really good.
[38:17] We've got an interest this season on
[38:19] systems change. Like how can we scale up
[38:22] contemplative practices and
[38:24] contemplative wisdom in ways that can
[38:26] change systems?
[38:27] >> Yeah.
[38:27] >> We've got a couple, I think all of our
[38:29] guests are going to talk about that in
[38:31] some form or another. But two guests I
[38:33] want to highlight in particular, Willem
[38:35] Kuyken, University of Oxford professor.
[38:38] Uh many of us know him as um one of the
[38:40] leaders in terms of mindfulness
[38:43] meditation and sort of scaling that up
[38:45] into a universal school-based
[38:48] mindfulness programs and like he's got
[38:50] the myriad trials. So we're really going
[38:52] to look at like, you know, when they
[38:53] gave mindfulness meditation training to
[38:56] over 8,000 kids in schools. Uh these are
[38:59] middle school kids. Like what were the
[39:01] impacts and some of the surprising
[39:03] results that came out of that. And so
[39:05] I'm going to take a deep dive with
[39:06] Willem there. He's just a really
[39:07] interesting guy that's
[39:09] you know, thinking about mechanism to
[39:12] implementation and like how do we scale
[39:14] and systems. And so I'm really excited
[39:16] about that. I think that'll be a really
[39:18] good show. But also we're going to have
[39:21] Mara Arizaga on the show and um she's
[39:25] like a really interesting person. So she
[39:27] um you know, meditation teacher for 20
[39:29] years. She wrote this book on how
[39:31] Tibetan meditation really traveled to
[39:33] the west.
[39:35] And then she like took these ideas and
[39:37] took it somewhere nobody expected, which
[39:40] is the United Nations. So she runs the
[39:43] well-being unit at the UN's Human Rights
[39:45] Office.
[39:46] And what she did was during the pandemic
[39:49] started teaching meditation over Zoom
[39:52] to folks in the United Nations. And now
[39:55] it's a program that started to scale up
[39:56] across the whole system. And so she's
[39:58] really thinking about systems change in
[40:01] a whole different way. And I think
[40:03] that's going to be a really rich
[40:04] conversation
[40:06] from from somebody who's been trying to
[40:09] work at the policy level and the human
[40:11] rights level and try to bring this
[40:14] contemplative wisdom into that space. So
[40:16] I think that'll be a really good show.
[40:18] Yeah. You know, we also have folks
[40:20] coming on this season who are really
[40:22] about bringing these practices out into
[40:25] the world and focusing on teaching and
[40:28] transforming people's lives. And so you
[40:31] know, two people that come to mind that
[40:32] we're going to have on the show. One is
[40:33] Jeremy Hunter and he's been looking at
[40:36] ways he can teach these inner awareness
[40:38] practices to executives. So really
[40:40] thinking about executive leadership and
[40:42] how you can bring contemplative
[40:44] practices into that space and make an
[40:47] impact. And he's got these amazing
[40:49] personal stories, too.
[40:50] >> Yeah.
[40:51] >> Jeremy's been a friend of mine for a
[40:53] couple of decades now, and um I think
[40:55] we're going to get a really intimate
[40:56] look at how he's used these practices to
[40:59] transform his own suffering in his life
[41:02] and challenges, but also how he's
[41:04] translated his understanding into
[41:07] executive leadership and really taking
[41:09] people who might not necessarily be
[41:11] turning to contemplative practices as
[41:13] tools to really leaning into those
[41:16] practices. And so, I think that'll be a
[41:17] really good show on leadership and
[41:19] transformation. And then um we're going
[41:22] to have Shinzen Young on. So, he hasn't
[41:24] been on the show yet. Uh a wonderful
[41:26] teacher a bit of a maverick, you know,
[41:29] in the space around how to teach these
[41:30] contemplative practices and
[41:32] you know, as I mentioned at the front
[41:34] end of this show, he's been someone
[41:35] who's been really spending a life
[41:37] thinking about equanimity and this
[41:39] capacity to open up. And so, selfishly,
[41:41] I wanted to just um talk to Shinzen, um
[41:44] have him tell his stories, and
[41:47] bring his unique perspective to uh
[41:49] contemplative science and practice. And
[41:51] he's certainly, I think, a contemplative
[41:53] scientist at heart who's really
[41:56] expressed most of his work in his life
[41:58] as a contemplative practice teacher.
[42:00] >> Yeah.
[42:01] >> He boils stuff down to math so much so.
[42:04] Like, he has this wonderful equation,
[42:06] suffering equals pain times resistance.
[42:09] I just love that. Uh like, you know,
[42:11] there's a mathematical equation that we
[42:13] have for thinking about suffering. And,
[42:16] you know, resistance being that
[42:17] equanimity piece and how we can we bring
[42:19] that resistance down to zero, we can
[42:22] still have pain in our life, but not um
[42:24] have necessarily suffering. If I'm doing
[42:26] the math right, he'll have to tell us if
[42:27] that math is right.
[42:28] >> Yeah.
[42:28] >> So, um he'll be on and um you know, he's
[42:32] he's a really interesting guy that, you
[42:34] know, speaks like 10 languages fluently
[42:36] and focuses his free time on theoretical
[42:39] math, you know. Um so, I think that'll
[42:41] be a really fun show.
[42:42] >> Beautiful.
[42:43] >> So, Phil you've been doing this podcast
[42:45] for 5 years. You've been around Mind and
[42:47] Life for much longer. So, you've been
[42:49] involved in the dialogues, you've been
[42:51] involved in all the different
[42:53] programming that Mind & Life has done
[42:54] over the last couple of decades. And I'm
[42:58] curious, A, like how has that work
[43:01] impacted you? How have you seen it
[43:03] evolve? And where do you see the podcast
[43:06] in fitting in, you know,
[43:09] as maybe an extension to the dialogues
[43:11] or as some other format that kind of
[43:13] stretches the mission of Mind & Life?
[43:16] >> Yeah, that's a great question. And I
[43:18] always like to go back to the origin of
[43:22] this organization. And I think as, you
[43:25] know, most of our audience knows, Mind &
[43:27] Life was started by
[43:29] His Holiness the Dalai Lama and
[43:30] Francisco Varela, along with Adam Engle.
[43:34] And there were other founding stewards
[43:36] like Jon Kabat-Zinn, Richie Davidson,
[43:38] Roshi Joan Halifax, Matthieu Ricard, Dan
[43:41] Goleman. All these people played a very
[43:43] important role early on. But one of the
[43:46] things that the Dalai Lama did was he
[43:50] set up this idea of dialogue.
[43:53] And most people think of the Dalai Lama
[43:56] as being somebody you go and you see him
[43:59] and he talks to you.
[44:01] But what these dialogues have done over
[44:03] the course of 40 years, His Holiness
[44:06] uh meeting with scientists,
[44:10] uh contemplatives, philosophers,
[44:12] is he's primarily listening. He's
[44:15] primarily a student who is
[44:18] uh engaging in the latest neuroscience,
[44:22] psychology, anthropology, education,
[44:26] uh biology, quantum physics. He's just
[44:29] sitting and listening to people. And
[44:32] then he's asking questions, and people
[44:34] are asking him questions, and he's
[44:36] interacting. Uh but mostly what you get
[44:39] is
[44:40] someone who is an icon
[44:43] who is listening
[44:45] to other people. And so I think that
[44:49] these conversations in the dialogues
[44:51] were all about nuance, complexity, and
[44:54] how two worlds could come together, the
[44:57] world of science and philosophy and sort
[45:00] of western education and Buddhism, or as
[45:05] we like to think of it, contemplative
[45:07] wisdom, right? So, for me the podcast is
[45:10] this really great opportunity to
[45:12] continue with that work where there's
[45:14] this exploration of complexity and
[45:16] nuance
[45:17] and ever-evolving topics. And as you
[45:21] noted, cross-disciplinary
[45:23] interests from many different guests. I
[45:26] just love that, like how the podcast is
[45:28] a continuation of that effort of
[45:30] dialogue. So, you know, I'm looking
[45:33] forward to how it evolves for this
[45:35] season and seasons to come.
[45:37] >> Yeah, I just feel like the podcast is
[45:38] like a little mini dialogue where we can
[45:41] take a deep dive much like we do with
[45:43] the Dalai Lama or some of these other
[45:44] big stage events, but do it in more of
[45:47] an intimate way.
[45:48] But then get that out to so many people
[45:50] for free across the world. Uh in a way
[45:53] where they can they can have that taste
[45:55] and that feeling of connection to the
[45:57] work and to these practices. And
[46:00] I'm excited about this season. I'm
[46:01] excited about next season. Can I just
[46:03] preview it? Is it possible?
[46:05] >> Sure.
[46:06] >> So, we're working on next season. So,
[46:08] this is going to be 2027.
[46:10] We're planning on a a spring release and
[46:13] then a fall release. It's going to be on
[46:15] consciousness. So, we're going to really
[46:18] try to take a deep dive on some of the
[46:20] bigger questions that really I think
[46:23] underlie so much of why we all come to
[46:26] Mind & Life or we come to this
[46:28] intersection space. Is we want to know
[46:30] about the nature of consciousness and
[46:33] there's so much happening right now
[46:35] across our contemplative practice
[46:37] science, but also like with
[46:39] psychedelics, generative AI, and what's
[46:42] going on there when we're creating
[46:44] thinking machines, you know, how does
[46:46] that relate to consciousness? And so,
[46:49] we're building a slate of of speakers
[46:51] now and thinking about a real powerful
[46:53] narrative arc to taking a deep dive. And
[46:56] I think if folks like this season, I
[46:58] want to take some more risks next
[47:00] season. 2027 might mean us pushing the
[47:03] boundaries of of our comfort zones in
[47:06] terms of, you know, looking at plant
[47:08] consciousness, thinking about animal
[47:11] hibernation, and these states of torpor
[47:13] as unique states of consciousness,
[47:14] looking at sleep and lucid dreaming. Um
[47:17] certainly psychedelics and AI is just
[47:20] topics that I think uh start to kind of
[47:23] flex into these questions uh about what
[47:26] is the nature of mind and the nature of
[47:28] um you know, conscious experience. So,
[47:31] I'm really excited about that future
[47:32] season. Um
[47:34] and for the meantime, you know, we've
[47:35] got all this great stuff coming um for
[47:38] this season. So, um get ready. It's
[47:41] going to be a really good set of shows,
[47:43] and um I can't wait to get started.
[47:46] >> Yeah, well, David, thank you so much.
[47:47] I'm excited, too. And so, uh we'll just
[47:50] encourage everybody to stay tuned, and
[47:53] uh make sure we're at the top of your
[47:54] feed, and we'll be bringing you some
[47:56] really good shows in the very near
[47:58] future.
[47:59] Thanks, David.
[48:00] >> See you in 2 weeks.
[48:06] >> Mind & Life is a production of the Mind
[48:07] & Life Institute.
[48:10] Show notes, transcripts, and other
[48:12] resources for all our episodes can be
[48:15] found at podcast.mindandlife.org.
[48:19] Visit us at mindandlife.org, where you
[48:21] can learn more about how we bridge
[48:23] science and contemplative wisdom to
[48:25] foster insight and inspire action
[48:28] towards flourishing.
[48:30] If you find these conversations
[48:31] valuable, and you'd like to support the
[48:33] work that we do,
[48:35] you can make a donation of any amount at
[48:37] mindandlife.org/give.
[48:42] Be well,
[48:43] take care of each other,
[48:45] and thank you for listening.