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Inspiration

Maha Yoga Pranayama: The Four-Stage Breath Behind Corpse Pose

Annemaree Rowley
Annemaree Rowley
Dec 1, 2013
8 min read
Watch · 7

Within the first half-minute of a seven-minute video, Annemaree Rowley asks her viewer to lie down, drop the jaw, and let the body melt into the floor. The pose is shavasana, which she translates as corpse pose. What follows is a breathing practice she calls maha yoga pranayama, and it asks something of that stillness: each breath is built in one cycle of four stages (inhale, retain, exhale, rest), aimed, in her words, at "a maximum build up of energy." The pairing looks like a contradiction, a practice named for the dead used to gather energy. Rowley's short session makes the logic clear, and it is a useful entry point for anyone who wants a calm, structured breath practice they can do lying down.

Read · 7 sections

Why does a corpse pose lead into a breathing practice?

Rowley opens with the body before the breath. She describes shavasana as "a posture for pure rest and restoration," with feet about hip-width apart, little toes turned slightly toward the floor, arms long and loose, and palms facing upward "in an attitude of giving and receiving." Her instructions are physical and specific. Slide the shoulders down and away from the ears. Roll the head gently from side to side, relaxing the back of the head, neck, and shoulders, then let it rest still with the eyes softly closed.

The jaw gets its own cue, and it is the one most people miss. Rowley says it plainly:

"Again and again we hold so much tension in the jaw. Let your body melt into the floor and rest."

— Annemaree Rowley, in her 2013 YouTube video, 1:39

The name is where the session gets interesting. Rowley explains that shavasana translates from Sanskrit as corpse pose, and that the name symbolically implies "letting go of behaviors, habits, thoughts, emotions that no longer benefit you." The aim is not to become inert. The aim is to let unwanted elements "die away," so that what remains is aligned with "a positive and calm future." Read this way, the corpse is a shedding. You lie down so that the things you are carrying can drop away before you ask the breath to do anything.

What does maha yoga pranayama actually mean?

Rowley gives two definitions that she treats as a single idea. Maha means "great," and yoga, in her framing, is "the union between the body, the breath and the mind." Pranayama is "the extension of the life force that we take in when we breathe deeply and slowly." Put together, the practice is a deliberate way of drawing life force into the body through slow, full breathing, with the mind joined to the process rather than wandering off.

The word "union" carries most of the weight. Rowley's practice does not separate breath from attention. The breath is the tool that brings the body and mind into the same place, and the instructions repeatedly ask the student to "come out of your head space and into your body" and to "release your mind from all diversions and distractions." Most people who lie down to breathe do so with their thoughts still elsewhere. Rowley's cues are a steady call back to the body.

How do the four stages of one breath work?

The practice unfolds in a single breath cycle, and Rowley's sequence is precise. Here it is as she gives it, in order.

  • Exhale first. Begin by breathing out through the nose and pushing all the stale air out.
  • Inhale into the belly. Place the left hand low on the belly and the right hand on the chest. Push the belly out against the left hand. The belly falls as you draw the breath inward and upward, moving "towards the middle lungs, a little more into the chest near the fingertips, a little more into the nose and throat."
  • Retain. Hold the breath "for a few moments."
  • Release in sections. Let the breath go "lower, middle, upper, nose and throat," moving through the same regions the inhale filled.
  • Suspend, then rest. Pause with the breath out, "even if it's just for a nanosecond," and then return to normal breathing.

The structure is what makes the practice distinct. Most breathing exercises are a count: in for four, hold for four, out for four. Rowley's version is a map. The inhale travels from belly to lungs to chest to nose and throat, and the release reverses the journey by region. The student learns to feel where the breath is, not just how long it lasts. That is the detail that separates a guided breath from a mechanical one.

Rowley also gives a single image for the inhale. Later in the session, she asks the student to "imagine it grows like a balloon filling with air." The belly expands the way a balloon does, from the base, rather than the chest rising first. For many people who habitually breathe shallowly into the upper chest, that image is the handle they need.

What is the role of the hold and the pause?

The retain and the suspend are where the practice can go wrong, and Rowley's language is careful about them. She asks for "a few moments" of holding, not a set count. She also says the pause after the exhale can be "even if it's just for a nanosecond." Taken together, these cues suggest that the hold is a gentle stillness at the top and bottom of the breath, not a contest of endurance. The video never gives a count or a target duration, so a student should resist the urge to invent one. If the hold feels like effort or strain, the instruction itself points toward shortening it.

The video also keeps the breath quiet and slow throughout. Rowley asks that it be done "deeply, slowly, quietly and with full awareness." That phrase is the practice's governor. If the breath is loud, rushed, or pushed, it has left the territory she describes.

How does the practice end, and what is it meant to leave behind?

The session closes with a shift in tone. "Going inward, leaving the outer world behind," Rowley says, "what a relief, don't you think?" She then gives a short list that works as a closing instruction: slow down, take lots of deep breaths, quiet the mind, open the heart, be kind to yourself and to all being, nourish the body, and honor the soul.

"As you lie there, remember to slow down. Take lots of deep breath. Quiet your mind. Open your heart. Be kind to yourself, be kind to all being."

— Annemaree Rowley, in her 2013 YouTube video, 6:31

The closing matters because it returns the practice to its opening frame. The session promised to help the viewer be "cool, calm and collected." The corpse pose cleared what was no longer useful, the four-stage breath gathered energy, and the close asks the student to rest in what has been built rather than chase it.

What does this short video leave out?

It is worth being plain about the limits. At seven minutes, the video is a demonstration, not a course. It does not offer a count for the hold, a number of rounds to repeat, or guidance for people with respiratory conditions, pregnancy, or high blood pressure. Rowley shares the session with a co-presenter, Stephanie, and the cues are delivered in the first person. As of this writing, the upload has about 3,200 views, which is modest, and no further material from Rowley appears in the source. Anyone who wants to build this into a regular practice should treat the video as a first lesson and seek out a qualified teacher for breath retention, especially if they have a health condition.

Where to go from here

Start with the lying-down part. Spend a few minutes in shavasana with the jaw soft and the palms open before you touch the breath. Then work through one round of the four stages with the hands in place, paying attention to where the breath travels rather than how long it lasts. When the belly rise feels natural, add the balloon image and let the exhale release region by region. Keep the hold short, let the pause be a nanosecond if that is what the body offers, and return to normal breathing whenever it feels like effort. Finish with Rowley's closing list: slow down, quiet the mind, and be kind to yourself. The practice is simple to describe and quieter to live inside, and the seven minutes of the video are enough to begin.

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Transcript

[0:13] welcome

[0:14] i am anne-marie and in this session

[0:16] stephanie and i

[0:18] will show you how to be cool calm and

[0:20] collected

[0:21] through the practice of shavasana and

[0:24] maha

[0:24] yoga pranayama shavasana is a posture

[0:29] for pure rest and restoration

[0:32] and so lying down in a comfortable

[0:34] position

[0:36] separate your feet about hip-width

[0:38] distance apart

[0:40] little toes are turned out slightly

[0:42] towards the floor

[0:44] arms are long and loose beside you

[0:48] your palms are facing upwards in an

[0:50] attitude of giving and receiving

[0:54] slide your shoulders down and away from

[0:56] your ears and gently roll your head from

[1:00] side to side

[1:02] relaxing the back of the head the neck

[1:05] and the shoulders

[1:10] do this slowly with full awareness

[1:15] and then allow your head to be still

[1:18] you're fired parallel to the ceiling

[1:23] your eyes softly closed

[1:27] drop your jaw and again

[1:32] and again we hold

[1:35] so much tension in the jaw

[1:39] let your body melt into the floor

[1:42] and rest

[1:46] shavasana translated from sanskrit means

[1:49] corpse pose

[1:51] symbolically the implies letting go of

[1:53] behaviors habits

[1:54] thoughts emotions that no longer benefit

[1:58] you

[2:00] that no longer propel you into a

[2:01] positive and calm future

[2:05] letting these unwanted elements die away

[2:10] and so breathing in and out through the

[2:13] nose

[2:15] do this deeply slowly

[2:21] quietly and with full awareness

[2:27] for our breathing practice slowly place

[2:30] your left hand low on the belly

[2:33] and your right hand on the chest

[2:37] maha yoga pranayama

[2:40] maha meaning great and yoga is the union

[2:44] between the body

[2:45] the breath and the mind

[2:49] pranayama is the extension of the life

[2:51] force

[2:52] that we take in when we breathe deeply

[2:54] and slowly

[2:58] this is practiced in one breath four

[3:01] stages

[3:04] we inhale retain

[3:07] exhale and rest aimed at a maximum build

[3:11] up of energy

[3:15] come out of your head space and into

[3:17] your body

[3:18] and release your mind from all

[3:20] diversions and distractions

[3:24] begin by breathing out through the nose

[3:26] and pushing all the stale air out

[3:31] inhale push your belly out against the

[3:34] left hand

[3:36] the belly will fall as you draw the

[3:38] breath inwards and upwards towards the

[3:40] middle lungs

[3:42] a little more into the chest near the

[3:44] fingertips

[3:46] a little more into the nose and throat

[3:49] hold the breath for a few moments

[3:54] and release lower

[3:57] middle upper nose and throat

[4:02] suspend the breath

[4:05] and then come back to your normal

[4:07] breathing

[4:13] we'll do this again when you are ready

[4:17] begin by breathing out and pushing all

[4:19] the stale air

[4:20] out inhale

[4:25] push your belly out against the left

[4:27] hand

[4:29] the belly will fall as you draw the

[4:31] breath inwards and upwards towards the

[4:33] middle lungs

[4:37] a little more into the chest near the

[4:38] fingertips

[4:42] a little more into the nose and throat

[4:45] retain the breath for a few moments

[4:52] and release lower

[4:55] middle upper nose and throat

[5:01] suspend the breath even if it's just for

[5:04] a nanosecond

[5:08] and then come back to normal breathing

[5:17] and now place your hands beside you with

[5:19] your palms facing upwards once again

[5:25] breathe out through the nose

[5:29] inhale push your belly out

[5:34] imagine it grows like a balloon filling

[5:36] with air

[5:39] the belly will fall as you draw the

[5:41] breath inwards and upwards towards the

[5:43] middle lungs

[5:45] a little more into the chest a little

[5:48] more into the nose and throat

[5:52] hold the breath for a few moments

[5:57] and then release

[6:01] lower middle upper

[6:04] nose and throat

[6:07] suspend the breath

[6:11] and then come back to your normal

[6:13] breathing

[6:18] going inward leaving the outer world

[6:21] behind

[6:24] what a relief don't you think

[6:31] and as you lie there remember to slow

[6:33] down

[6:36] take lots of deep breath

[6:40] quiet your mind

[6:44] open your heart

[6:47] be kind to yourself

[6:51] be kind to all being

[6:55] nourish your body honor

[6:59] your soul

[7:02] you

Annemaree Rowley
ArtistAnnemaree Rowley

Annemaree Rowley is a meditation and yoga teacher educated at highly esteemed schools in Europe, India and Australia. Her mindfulness practices focus on how to use the breath effec…

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Maha-yoga-pranayamaShavasanaCorpse-poseFour-stage-breathBelly-breathing

Got Questions?

Frequently Asked Questions

In her 2013 video, Annemaree Rowley defines maha as 'great' and yoga as 'the union between the body, the breath and the mind.' Pranayama is 'the extension of the life force that we take in when we breathe deeply and slowly.' The practice is a single breath cycle built in four stages: inhale, retain, exhale, and rest.
Rowley explains that shavasana translates from Sanskrit as corpse pose, and that the name symbolically implies letting go of behaviors, habits, thoughts and emotions that no longer benefit you. The pose is a way of letting unwanted elements die away before a practice begins.
Begin by exhaling through the nose to push out the stale air. Inhale while pushing the belly out against the left hand, drawing the breath toward the lungs, chest, and nose and throat. Retain for a few moments, release in sections (lower, middle, upper, nose and throat), then suspend briefly and return to normal breathing.
The video gives no fixed count. Rowley asks for holding 'for a few moments' and says the pause can be 'even if it's just for a nanosecond.' The cues point toward a gentle hold rather than strain.
Rowley places the left hand low on the belly and the right hand on the chest. The belly should push out against the left hand on the inhale, and fall as the breath is drawn inward and upward.
Rowley frames the session around being 'cool, calm and collected,' pairing a restful corpse pose with a slow, full breath and a closing reminder to quiet the mind. The video is seven minutes long and does not make clinical claims, so treat it as a relaxation practice rather than a treatment.

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