Transcript
[0:00] My name's Sangha Doren. I'll be leading
[0:02] the
[0:03] class in here
[0:04] for the evening.
[0:06] And yeah, on Dharma nights we follow we
[0:08] we're normally following a series. So,
[0:10] on Dharma night what we're doing is
[0:12] we're looking at the teachings of the
[0:13] Buddha in more detail. So, we'll have
[0:15] some meditation, there'll be a chance
[0:17] for some discussion.
[0:18] But, we're essentially here to try and
[0:20] get clear
[0:21] on what the Buddha taught and why is
[0:23] that relevant to our lives? How can what
[0:25] the Buddha taught help us in our lives
[0:27] to live kind of more full, rich,
[0:30] satisfying lives
[0:32] and and suffer less basically. So,
[0:33] that's what we're always looking at is
[0:35] we're looking at the Buddha's teachings.
[0:37] And the
[0:39] the we're on the final night of a series
[0:42] that we've been looking at on the
[0:44] Buddhist precepts.
[0:46] And if you've been following, we did the
[0:49] first four a few weeks ago. And then we
[0:52] had some other bits in between. So, I'm
[0:53] kind of just tailing on the last week
[0:55] now. So, if you've been at home waiting
[0:57] for the final one of this, this is this
[1:00] is the night. And yeah, we'll be looking
[1:01] at the fifth the fifth precept.
[1:04] But, I'll just say a little bit about
[1:05] the precepts
[1:07] in general first. Just if if this is
[1:09] your first time coming across them. So,
[1:11] don't worry if you haven't been at any
[1:13] others. It'll make sense
[1:15] by itself.
[1:16] So, the precepts are basically
[1:19] a list of ways to act how the Buddha
[1:23] would naturally act. So, the Buddha is
[1:24] an enlightened being,
[1:26] a being that's completely free
[1:29] and liberated in in their mind. And
[1:32] yeah, the historical Buddha lived 2,500
[1:35] years ago.
[1:36] And yeah, all the all the teachings have
[1:38] come from the Buddha.
[1:39] And
[1:40] the precepts are basically how the
[1:42] Buddha would naturally act, but they're
[1:44] also ways that if we act in that way,
[1:47] we'll move in the direction of
[1:48] enlightenment. So, we can use that kind
[1:51] of blueprint of how the Buddha would act
[1:53] to give us guidelines on how if we act,
[1:55] we can move in that direction.
[1:58] So, if we want to move in the direction
[2:00] of enlightenment, but what what is
[2:02] enlightenment? And what would
[2:04] enlightenment look like? So, I'm only
[2:05] going to we could give lots of talks on
[2:08] this and we'd never actually get to it.
[2:09] So, I'm going to do it I'm going to do
[2:11] it very briefly.
[2:12] But, so what does enlightenment look
[2:14] like? And one way that we could think
[2:15] about this is it's spontaneous
[2:18] compassionate activity. Yeah, so
[2:20] compassionate activity, acting in a way
[2:23] that is in the benefit of other people,
[2:26] just completely spontaneously.
[2:28] So, one one way that we could think
[2:31] about it is a Buddha would always know
[2:33] what needs to be done in that in a
[2:36] situation and they'd act in that way.
[2:39] So, a Buddha would have the wisdom to
[2:41] see
[2:42] what needs to be done, have the biggest
[2:44] perspective on the situation and the
[2:46] people in the situation, and know what
[2:48] was the appropriate thing to do to lead
[2:50] for the benefit of the most people
[2:53] in that situation. So, normally,
[2:56] for us, we have kind of kind and
[2:59] generous impulses, but they're thwarted
[3:02] by our self-concern. Yeah, so it's
[3:04] normally our tendency to mainly worry
[3:06] about ourselves, mainly be interested in
[3:10] what will benefit us and what we want
[3:11] and what we need. That can thwart
[3:15] our natural inclination towards
[3:17] kindness, towards generosity, towards
[3:18] awareness for other beings. But, the
[3:20] Buddha
[3:22] at enlightenment, what the Buddha saw
[3:23] through was this kind of illusion of
[3:26] there being this fixed self here that we
[3:28] need to protect, that we need to kind of
[3:30] preserve and try to enhance. And because
[3:33] the Buddha saw through that, there's
[3:35] then nothing to stop those those
[3:38] naturally generous and kind impulses.
[3:41] So,
[3:43] when the Buddha's acting, there's
[3:45] nothing to stop
[3:47] a Buddha acting for the benefit of those
[3:49] beings, so to help those beings um, from
[3:53] suffering less, um, and moving in the
[3:55] direction of enlightenment. And that's
[3:57] what he spent his whole life doing.
[3:59] After the Buddha gained enlightenment,
[4:01] for every moment, um, of his life, he
[4:03] was acting in a way that would benefit
[4:05] others. Uh, up to kind of his final
[4:08] moments, um, he was still trying to
[4:10] teach others and help others gain, or
[4:12] realize what he'd realized.
[4:15] And as part of that,
[4:19] he taught the precepts. So, he taught a
[4:21] whole path, um, and there's so many
[4:23] different ways to talk about the path.
[4:25] And the path developed over after the
[4:28] lifetime of the Buddha, uh, Buddhism
[4:30] developed into all sorts of different,
[4:33] um, where it looks all sorts of
[4:34] different ways, um, in different
[4:36] traditions and different countries.
[4:38] Well, one of the primary things that the
[4:39] Buddha taught, and that these carried on
[4:42] throughout all of the Buddhist
[4:43] tradition, uh, these precepts have
[4:45] carried on, is he taught the precepts.
[4:47] So, he taught kind of guidelines on how
[4:49] to act that will move our mind in the
[4:52] direction of enlightenment. So, he's
[4:53] basically saying, if you act in these
[4:55] ways, it will lead to positive states of
[4:57] mind. Um, and if you don't act well, if
[4:59] you And these are things that you can do
[5:01] that will lead to negative states of
[5:02] mind, so avoid them.
[5:04] Um, so, yeah, we could think of them as
[5:06] guidelines. We could think of them as
[5:08] training principles, um, and they help
[5:10] us act how the Buddha would be acting
[5:12] spontaneously. Yeah. So, that's how the
[5:14] Buddha would be acting.
[5:16] And there's,
[5:17] um, kind of negative negative versions
[5:19] saying what what you we shouldn't do.
[5:22] And then there's, um, positive versions
[5:24] saying what do we want to be developing?
[5:26] Um, so, I'm just going to I'm just going
[5:27] to read out the the positive precepts
[5:29] quickly. Um, so, the first one is with
[5:31] deeds of loving-kindness. Yeah, so,
[5:34] acting from a place of love, uh, towards
[5:36] others. With open-handed generosity, so,
[5:39] being generous, uh, at all times. With
[5:42] stillness, simplicity, and contentment.
[5:45] So, kind of acting in a way that
[5:47] simplifies our life, um allows our mind
[5:50] to still, and allows a feeling of
[5:51] contentment to emerge in our experience.
[5:54] With truthful communication, uh so being
[5:57] truthful in our speech with other
[5:59] people. Um and then the last one is with
[6:01] mindfulness clear and radiant. Um so
[6:04] today we're going to be looking at the
[6:05] final precept. So, with all the other
[6:07] ones, we've already done talks on them,
[6:10] and they're all online, so you can
[6:11] listen back to them um if you want to
[6:14] after this. But we're going to be
[6:15] focusing on this final one,
[6:17] which is with mindfulness clear and
[6:19] radiant.
[6:21] And
[6:23] Yeah, so like I said, there's kind of
[6:24] negative precepts saying what we won't
[6:26] do, and then there's the positive
[6:28] precept saying what we will do. And the
[6:30] negative version of this um is to
[6:32] abstain from intoxicants. So, it's to
[6:34] abstain from um in consuming anything
[6:38] that's going to lead to altered states
[6:40] of mind um that kind of clear cloud our
[6:43] vision, basically. Um So, in practical
[6:46] terms, that means not taking um not
[6:49] taking drugs and not drinking. Um and
[6:51] because uh
[6:53] it's quite straightforward that one, I'm
[6:54] not really going to talk about it. Um
[6:57] so, obviously up to up to individuals
[6:59] how much how much you want to engage in
[7:01] that precept, but um that's kind of the
[7:04] to develop mindfulness, um to develop a
[7:07] clear mind, we'll want to be not
[7:09] consuming things that are going to going
[7:11] to cloud the mind, yeah? But I'm not
[7:12] really going to go into I'm not going to
[7:14] go into the negative precept anymore
[7:16] tonight. I'm going to focus
[7:18] um on the positive aspect of the
[7:19] precept, which is with mindfulness clear
[7:22] and radiant.
[7:24] So, mindfulness, I'm sure you've all
[7:26] come across this word um both within
[7:29] Buddhism and outside of Buddhism. But
[7:30] mindfulness is very important is a very
[7:33] important part of the Buddha's
[7:34] teachings. Um so, his final words were,
[7:37] "All constructive things are
[7:39] impermanent. With mindfulness, strive
[7:41] on." So, the last phrase that he said to
[7:45] his disciples before he passed away. So,
[7:47] he spent he spent 40 years of his life
[7:49] teaching, and the final words he said
[7:51] were, "With mindfulness strive on." So,
[7:54] his last exhortation to his disciples
[7:57] was to develop mindfulness, to cultivate
[7:59] mindfulness, to maintain mindfulness.
[8:01] So, it's really important
[8:04] to the Buddha. And there's a phrase from
[8:06] the Dhammapada, which is one of the
[8:07] oldest
[8:08] one of the oldest texts in Buddhism,
[8:11] where he talks about mindfulness.
[8:14] And he says, "Mindfulness is the way to
[8:16] the deathless, unmindfulness the way to
[8:19] death.
[8:20] Those who are mindful do not die,
[8:23] whereas the unmindful are like the
[8:25] dead."
[8:26] So, it's quite strong that, isn't it?
[8:29] So, those who are mindful do not die,
[8:31] whereas the unmindful are like the dead.
[8:34] So, yeah, he's really encouraging us to
[8:36] be developing mindfulness.
[8:40] And yeah, so in in the early 2010s,
[8:44] mindfulness kind of contemporary secular
[8:47] mindfulness really kind of boomed into
[8:50] the public's imagination, into the kind
[8:53] of the zeitgeist of the time. And
[8:56] mindfulness and meditation went from
[8:57] being this kind of obscure ancient
[9:00] practice that people didn't really know
[9:03] anything about to mainstream trend
[9:06] that was popping up everywhere. So, this
[9:08] word mindfulness has really entered into
[9:10] the vocabulary
[9:12] of our of our time now.
[9:14] Um
[9:15] And I think this has had lots of
[9:17] positive effects.
[9:19] I'm sure there's people here who have
[9:20] started meditating because of that. I
[9:22] started meditating in during that time.
[9:24] So, I'm kind of I'm really glad that
[9:26] it's entered into into the
[9:29] into our culture like that. Um and part
[9:32] of the I think it's also been part of
[9:34] the trend to raise people's awareness
[9:37] around mental health and knowing that
[9:41] there are things that we can do with our
[9:42] mind that will help our mind.
[9:44] Um so, mindfulness being part of the
[9:46] culture has had a really positive
[9:47] effect. Um but it's also kind of
[9:51] um given a different perspective on
[9:54] mindfulness than what the Buddha
[9:56] uh was teaching or what the Buddha was
[9:58] talking about when he was talking about
[9:59] mindfulness.
[10:01] Um or at least a limited a limited one.
[10:03] Um and actually mind The word
[10:05] mindfulness I don't think it's very cool
[10:06] anymore. I think it was like probably
[10:08] about 10 years ago. Um if you put
[10:11] mindful on the front of something, it
[10:12] suddenly made it um popular.
[10:15] Um whereas now it's kind of been a bit
[10:16] of a kickback against it. Um and it's
[10:18] referred to as the mindful mindfulness
[10:20] boom.
[10:21] Um so, it's kind of like everything
[10:23] being mindfulness. And I think there was
[10:25] actually a People got disillusioned with
[10:27] it because they saw it as
[10:29] um kind of companies
[10:31] uh kind of not taking ownership of
[10:33] treating employees badly because they
[10:36] were just kind of giving them
[10:37] mindfulness um sessions and then like
[10:40] there we go, we've done your mental
[10:41] health now now crack on with your work.
[10:43] Um so, that it's been an actual bit of a
[10:45] kickback against kind of mindfulness um
[10:48] as a thing. Um but what we're going to
[10:50] be talking about today
[10:53] um is mindfulness as the Buddha saw it.
[10:56] Yeah, so kind of the what the
[10:59] kind of vast deep expansive vision of
[11:02] mindfulness that the Buddha was talking
[11:04] about uh when he talked about
[11:06] mindfulness.
[11:07] Um and hopefully this can give us a
[11:09] sense of what is this? What is this
[11:11] awareness
[11:12] um that we're trying to cultivate? What
[11:14] is this mindfulness that we're trying to
[11:15] cultivate um on the Buddhist path?
[11:19] So, yeah, when when I say mindfulness or
[11:21] when we say mindfulness, what qualities
[11:23] do you think of?
[11:24] What quality do you think of when we
[11:26] talk about mindfulness?
[11:29] >> Being aware of of one's surroundings.
[11:32] >> Okay, so yeah, being aware of what's
[11:33] around us, yeah.
[11:35] >> Not rushing.
[11:36] >> Not rushing. And how does it Say Say Say
[11:39] more about that.
[11:40] >> Um doing things step by step, not
[11:43] multitasking.
[11:44] >> Right, yeah, yeah, yeah.
[11:48] >> Looking after the little things.
[11:50] >> Mhm. Say more.
[11:52] >> Looking after things which are little,
[11:53] which may not feel as though they're so
[11:56] important, but it feels as though the
[11:57] day is full of these little things.
[11:59] >> Right, yeah.
[12:00] >> And they actually add up to the bigger
[12:01] things.
[12:02] >> Yeah, yeah, so, paying attention to that
[12:04] kind of the small, more subtle aspects
[12:06] of experience, yeah.
[12:09] >> Being mindful of being aware of your
[12:11] thoughts.
[12:12] >> Okay, so, yeah, being aware of your
[12:13] thoughts and what's going on internally,
[12:15] yeah.
[12:18] >> Compassion maybe.
[12:20] >> Okay, so, yeah, compassion. Yeah, say
[12:21] more. How How does that?
[12:23] >> Um like when when faced with people or
[12:26] situations, like acting from a place of
[12:29] of love rather than
[12:31] sort of centeredness.
[12:33] >> Mhm.
[12:33] >> Yeah.
[12:34] >> Yeah, so, awareness when it comes to
[12:35] interacting with other people.
[12:37] Yeah, yeah, great.
[12:39] Okay, so, yeah, they're all They're all
[12:40] aspects
[12:42] of mindfulness. And, yeah, we're going
[12:44] to need all of these things if we're
[12:45] going to be if we're going to be trying
[12:47] to work on our mind.
[12:49] But, when when we say mindfulness,
[12:51] there's actually three different
[12:53] terms that we translate as mindfulness.
[12:55] So, in traditional Buddhism, there's
[12:56] three terms
[12:58] for mindfulness, but we kind of just use
[12:59] this one word.
[13:01] And we need all of them.
[13:03] But, we're going to in in the second
[13:04] half, we're going to look at kind of
[13:06] what are these different aspects of
[13:07] mindfulness and where does mindfulness
[13:10] or how can we develop mindfulness in our
[13:12] life? What things do we need to bring
[13:13] our awareness to
[13:15] to
[13:16] kind of get this kind of deep, vast
[13:19] experience of mindfulness that the
[13:20] Buddha was talking about. Yeah, so, the
[13:23] Buddha was talking about it as a truly
[13:25] profound state.
[13:27] And we can all move towards that.
[13:29] And one of the ways that we do that is
[13:31] through uh meditating. Yeah, and we do
[13:33] the mindfulness of breathing. So, the
[13:35] mindfulness of breathing has it in the
[13:37] name. Um, so, that's kind of a big part
[13:40] of what we're doing
[13:42] um with the mindfulness of breathing.
[13:43] So, we're going to do that together. Um,
[13:45] if you've if you haven't been here
[13:46] before, what we're going to do is we're
[13:48] going to do uh a practice in four
[13:50] stages. Um, and we're just being aware
[13:52] of the breath basically. In its essence,
[13:54] what we're doing is we bring our
[13:56] awareness to the sensations of the
[13:58] breath in the body. Yeah, so, the
[14:00] sensations of breathing um as we feel
[14:03] them. Uh and it's in four stages. And
[14:05] I'm going to say um just for people that
[14:07] haven't done the practice before, I'm
[14:08] going to say what we're doing at the
[14:10] beginning of each stage. Um, but if if
[14:12] this is your first time doing the
[14:13] practice, if at any time you get lost,
[14:15] just come back to the sensations in the
[14:17] body, back to the movement of the breath
[14:19] in the body, and you can't go wrong.
[14:20] Yeah, so, we'll be developing um that
[14:23] quality of uh mindfulness. That quality
[14:26] of awareness uh through meditation. Um,
[14:29] and then the second half, we're going to
[14:30] unpack all the different dimensions um
[14:33] of mindfulness, all the different
[14:34] aspects of it.
[14:36] Yeah, so, welcome back. Um, I'll welcome
[14:38] back online as well for the people
[14:39] joining us online. I forgot to say hello
[14:41] in the first half, so, hello.
[14:43] Um, yeah, so, like I said, we're going
[14:45] to be looking at mindfulness and
[14:47] particularly the Buddhist um vision of
[14:49] mindfulness.
[14:51] And yeah, I think it's it's so important
[14:53] because mindfulness is kind of like the
[14:56] foundational quality of all the positive
[14:59] virtues that we're trying to develop in
[15:00] Buddhism. So, Buddhism is a path of
[15:03] developing ever and ever more positive
[15:05] mental states.
[15:07] Um, so, kind of greater clarity, greater
[15:10] generosity, greater kindness, greater
[15:13] wisdom.
[15:14] Uh but mindfulness is the foundational
[15:16] quality that all of that builds on
[15:18] basically. Without mindfulness, we can't
[15:20] develop all of those qualities. So, it's
[15:22] really important
[15:24] um that we're that we're developing
[15:25] mindfulness.
[15:27] Yeah, while while you're in your tea
[15:28] break, I got my flip chart out, so I've
[15:30] got some things on my flip chart to
[15:32] hopefully I'm going to give a few
[15:34] different terms and stuff, so I just
[15:36] thought it'd be helpful to write it out.
[15:37] So, yeah, like like I said that um
[15:39] we say mindfulness, but actually that's
[15:42] the translation of three separate terms
[15:45] uh in Buddhism. So, when we say
[15:47] mindfulness, we could be talking about
[15:49] one of three different things in in
[15:51] Buddhism. So, I'm going to um show us
[15:54] all three terms and we'll talk through
[15:56] each one. Um so, the first one is
[15:59] recollection. Um so, this is a
[16:01] translation for smṛti. Um and then the
[16:05] second one is vigilance, which is a
[16:07] translation for appamāda.
[16:10] And then the third one is mindfulness of
[16:11] purpose, um which is tran- is
[16:14] translation for sampajañña.
[16:16] Um so, these are the three different um
[16:20] words that when Buddhism's talking about
[16:23] Well, when we when we hear mindfulness,
[16:25] might be talking about one of them. Can
[16:26] everyone see that? Can you see that
[16:28] there?
[16:29] Okay, so we're going to go through each
[16:31] of these to kind of get a sense of what
[16:33] is the whole what is the whole vision of
[16:36] mindfulness when when coming at it from
[16:39] from Buddhist from a Buddhist
[16:40] perspective.
[16:41] So, we'll start off with smṛti, um which
[16:44] yeah, recollection is the translation
[16:46] that that we use for that one.
[16:49] So, recollecting um well, it's it comes
[16:52] from the So, it's like recollection.
[16:54] Um so, in a way, it's a collecting
[16:56] together. It's a gathering together.
[16:59] Uh so, without mindfulness, our minds
[17:02] are scattered. Yeah, they're fragmented.
[17:05] Um it's like there's lots of different
[17:07] parts of us all kind of trying to do
[17:09] different things uh in our lives. So,
[17:12] part of us wants to do one thing, um but
[17:15] another part of us is drawing us in a
[17:17] different direction, and then they can
[17:19] they can kind of be conflict between
[17:21] them, and there can be tussles, and one
[17:23] minute we find ourselves doing one thing
[17:24] only to undermine it
[17:26] uh later. So, what we're doing with
[17:28] recollection, we're trying to gather
[17:30] ourselves together so that we're more
[17:32] whole and more unified. So,
[17:34] I I see this in myself a lot,
[17:37] um, which you all will as well, so it's
[17:39] not just me. Um, but yeah, there's
[17:42] there's part of me, um,
[17:44] well, one one example is when when
[17:46] writing a talk, I have to confess, when
[17:48] writing a talk, I can feel the split,
[17:51] um, where part of me wants to be living
[17:53] a life that feels meaningful. Part of me
[17:55] wants to be living a life of value, um,
[17:57] where I feel like I'm contributing. Um,
[18:00] I want to be planning a talk, um, but
[18:02] there's another part of me that just
[18:03] wants an easy life. Yeah, and doesn't
[18:06] want any responsibility. So, when I'm
[18:08] planning talks, I can feel these kind of
[18:10] two parts warring at each other.
[18:12] Um, and actually, when I'm giving talks,
[18:13] I really enjoy it, so it goes all time,
[18:15] so I'm okay. But in the process, there
[18:17] is all this this war of these kind of
[18:19] different parts. But if I could like
[18:21] gather them together,
[18:22] um,
[18:23] into a more unified whole, then it would
[18:26] I'd kind of know
[18:27] I'd know the end result is always good,
[18:29] so yeah.
[18:30] Um, and we we'll have this all of the
[18:32] time where we're kind of doing one
[18:34] thing, but we're being drawn towards
[18:36] something else. Uh, maybe you pick up a
[18:38] book to start reading, but then you find
[18:40] yourself looking at your phone,
[18:42] um, or you're trying to do something at
[18:44] work, um, but then you end up finding
[18:46] yourself being distracted. So, you've
[18:47] always got these different um, different
[18:50] parts kind of warring with each other.
[18:52] And mindfulness is a way that we can
[18:54] gather gather our minds together so it's
[18:56] more unified, more whole, um, more
[18:59] integrated, so we can act more
[19:01] wholeheartedly. Yeah, so we can be more
[19:04] wholehearted in our actions, so that
[19:06] when we're doing something, we can be
[19:08] more fully there.
[19:09] Um, cuz I guess there's another way of
[19:10] talking about kind of being in the
[19:12] People talk about that, don't they? They
[19:13] say
[19:15] they want to we enjoy being in the
[19:17] moment or I was really just in the
[19:18] moment. And I think this is one of the
[19:20] things this is getting at is it's that
[19:22] we're kind of whole and unified and
[19:24] fully attending to the thing we're doing
[19:26] in a wholehearted way.
[19:28] And another thing that this does the
[19:29] recollection does is it counters the
[19:32] tendency towards forgetfulness
[19:35] or carelessness or distraction.
[19:39] So it helps us hold things in our mind
[19:42] over time.
[19:44] And that's one of the things we're
[19:45] training with when we're doing the
[19:46] mindfulness of breathing. Yeah, so we're
[19:48] we're resting our awareness on our
[19:49] breath and we're trying to hold our
[19:51] we're trying to hold the breath in our
[19:53] mind. The mind wanders
[19:55] but then we kind of regather ourselves
[19:57] and we come back to the breath every
[19:58] time the mind wanders. So we're learning
[20:00] to counter this
[20:02] tendency towards distraction.
[20:06] But yeah, I can I can see this kind of
[20:09] mainly when I'm meant to when I'm when
[20:10] I'm trying to tidy the house. This is
[20:12] when I'm kind of most prone towards
[20:14] distraction but I find it's like I need
[20:16] to take the clothes down so I'm like
[20:18] take the clothes down and say oh
[20:19] actually maybe I'll listen to an audio
[20:20] book so then I put an audio book on and
[20:22] then kind of find oh there was that
[20:23] message I need to reply to and then just
[20:25] find kind of doing all of these
[20:26] different things and it's never actually
[20:29] just kind of fully doing the thing I'm
[20:31] meant to be doing. Whereas if we could
[20:33] really gather ourselves if we could
[20:35] really make ourselves whole and unified,
[20:37] we could just fully do the thing we're
[20:39] meant to be doing. Take it to
[20:41] completion,
[20:42] get satisfaction from that and then move
[20:44] on fully to the next thing.
[20:46] A traditional image for this is quite a
[20:48] funny image but it's an is an image of
[20:50] an elephant jumping from pool to pool.
[20:53] So it's like the eleph- the elephant
[20:55] just fully submerges itself in a pool
[20:58] and is just fully there and then moves
[21:00] on to the next one and then just fully
[21:02] there. So it's just kind of idea that
[21:04] with our full weight of our being um,
[21:06] just attending to the thing we're
[21:08] attending to and then moving on to the
[21:10] next thing. Yeah, so that's one of the
[21:11] things we're trying to move towards,
[21:14] um, with with this recollection.
[21:19] And yeah, I think this this mindfulness,
[21:21] this recollection, this smṛti,
[21:24] um,
[21:24] it comes through just very kind of
[21:27] ordinary, um, tasks, bringing awareness
[21:30] to our just everyday life. There's
[21:32] nothing, um, there's nothing
[21:33] particularly kind of exotic or esoteric.
[21:37] It's just bringing awareness to the
[21:39] things that we're doing. Um, so there's
[21:41] a story of, um, a
[21:44] order member, so that's someone who's
[21:45] practicing, um, within this tradition,
[21:47] asking Sangharakshita who founded this
[21:49] tradition. Um, they went to him, um,
[21:52] obviously wanting some real kind of
[21:54] nuggets of wisdom. Um, and they were
[21:56] asking him about, "Oh, how do we deepen
[21:58] our insight experiences in meditation?"
[22:01] Um, and he just didn't play ball at all.
[22:03] Um, and he just said, "Oh, I I think
[22:05] that mindfulness is really lacking."
[22:08] Um, so they were there trying to get
[22:09] these kind of high esoteric teachings
[22:11] and he was just saying, "I think we all
[22:12] need to work on our mindfulness." Um, so
[22:15] whether that's kind of turning lights
[22:16] off when we leave the room,
[22:18] um, whether it's just fully finishing
[22:20] the thing we're doing before moving on,
[22:22] if it's kind of not leaving things
[22:23] behind, uh, putting things back where we
[22:25] left them. Um, he's basically saying,
[22:28] "If you can't do those things, um, if
[22:30] we're not able to be mindful in that
[22:32] very basic way, uh, what chance do we
[22:35] have of developing insight? What chance
[22:36] do we have of having these kind of, uh,
[22:39] exalted experiences?" Um, so it's just
[22:41] in these very day-to-day things that we
[22:43] can, uh, that we can practice this along
[22:46] with, uh, doing the mindfulness of
[22:47] breathing
[22:48] um, to to develop awareness.
[22:53] So that's that's smṛti.
[22:57] The next one we'll look at is, um, is
[23:00] appamāda.
[23:01] Um, so this is translated as vigilance.
[23:04] Um, so pramada pramada actually so
[23:07] a
[23:08] is a kind of a negative. So pramada
[23:10] means intoxication.
[23:11] Uh, so apramada is non-intoxication.
[23:15] Um, so we can think about this as a kind
[23:17] of wakefulness.
[23:19] Um, yeah, kind of like really being
[23:20] awake to our experience
[23:22] um, or vigilant. So being vigilant um,
[23:25] to our experience. So being awake, being
[23:27] alive, being vigilant, that's what this
[23:30] uh, quality is getting at.
[23:32] And there's something the way that the
[23:34] Buddha talks about this, there's
[23:35] something warrior-like about this
[23:37] activity
[23:38] um, or about about this quality, sorry.
[23:41] Uh, so it's not just a kind of soft um,
[23:43] feel your feelings kind of quality
[23:45] that's apramada. There's something quite
[23:47] strong um, and warrior-like about it. So
[23:50] the Buddha was from a warrior clan.
[23:52] Uh, so he used a lot of warrior imagery
[23:55] when he was giving his teachings to talk
[23:57] to those
[23:59] uh, people. And apramada, it really is
[24:01] this kind of strong uh, vigorous
[24:03] quality.
[24:05] And what when we're talking about
[24:07] apramada, what we're talking about is a
[24:08] watchfulness of our mind, a watchfulness
[24:12] of our mental states to see what is
[24:15] helpful towards us and what is
[24:16] unhelpful.
[24:18] Uh, so it protects um, so in in Buddhism
[24:21] we talk about skillful and unskillful.
[24:24] Um, we don't really talk about good or
[24:25] bad. We don't talk about sin or sinful.
[24:28] Uh, we talk about skillful and
[24:29] unskillful. So it's basically what helps
[24:31] you develop your mind in a positive
[24:34] direction and what hinders you moving
[24:36] your mind in a positive direction. So
[24:38] what will what will give rise to
[24:39] positive mental states, what will give
[24:41] rise to negative mental states? And this
[24:43] apramada quality, this vigilance, we're
[24:46] trying to look out for what is skillful
[24:49] and what is unskillful. So we want to
[24:51] protect what is skillful and we want to
[24:53] increase and we want to enhance those
[24:55] skillful mental states. And we want to
[24:57] protect ourselves from what is
[24:59] unskillful, and we want to kind of
[25:02] eradicate any unskillful mental states
[25:04] that have arisen in our mind. So, when
[25:06] we're talking about this aspect of
[25:07] mindfulness, that's what we're doing.
[25:09] We're watching our mind. And we're being
[25:11] aware of when I do this thing, what
[25:13] effect is it having? Yeah? So, when I
[25:15] speak in this way, what effect does that
[25:18] have on me? Yeah? When I speak in this
[25:20] different way, what effect does that
[25:21] have? When I consume this piece of
[25:24] content, whatever it is, what effect
[25:25] does that have?
[25:27] When I put myself in this situation,
[25:28] what effect is that having on my mind?
[25:30] And we kind of keep a vigilance in this
[25:32] way. And that can help us make choices
[25:36] about how we act, make us choice about
[25:38] what actions do I want to do? What
[25:40] situations do I want to put myself in?
[25:43] Uh so, it's kind of And this is actually
[25:45] the in when I when I said earlier about
[25:48] how the last words of the Buddha
[25:50] were, "With mindfulness, strive on."
[25:52] This is the quality he was talking
[25:54] about. Um he was talking about being
[25:56] aware of your mental states, being aware
[25:58] of what's helpful,
[26:00] um and being aware of what's unhelpful.
[26:01] With that awareness, strive on. Yeah,
[26:03] strive on towards the goal, strive on
[26:05] towards enlightenment.
[26:08] So, if we're if we find ourselves in a
[26:11] situation that's giving rise to negative
[26:13] mental states,
[26:15] um and we are aware in this way, if we
[26:17] if we have this appamada,
[26:19] um we'll want to either kind of take
[26:22] ourselves out of that situation, or do
[26:25] some strong actions in that situation to
[26:28] change that direction. Yeah? So, if
[26:31] we're if we're in a situation, if we're
[26:32] in a conversation, and we find actually
[26:34] this is this is putting me in negative
[26:36] mental states, we either want to take
[26:38] ourselves out of that situation, or we
[26:40] need to try and change the situation so
[26:42] that it's not going going in that
[26:44] direction. Um so, I used to I used to
[26:47] work as a primary school teacher a few
[26:48] years ago.
[26:50] Uh and after after work on after
[26:54] at the end of work every Friday they'd
[26:56] often go to the pub and the teachers
[26:57] often go to the pub.
[26:59] Um and I didn't go. I kind of thought I
[27:01] kind of thought I knew what it would be
[27:02] like so I didn't tend to go.
[27:04] Um but I as I was leaving I was like,
[27:06] "Oh, I'll decide to go one time." And it
[27:08] was like I got there
[27:09] um and actually at first it was really
[27:11] enjoyable and I was like, "Oh, why have
[27:12] I why haven't I been doing this the
[27:14] whole time?" And it was kind of friendly
[27:16] and enjoyable but it was really quick to
[27:18] descend into basically just moaning
[27:19] about the management. Um
[27:22] and I could just feel that that that
[27:25] kind of atmosphere was just having a
[27:27] negative effect on my mind.
[27:29] Um so I wasn't long it wasn't long
[27:31] before I just took myself away just I
[27:33] just kind of left that situation but I
[27:35] guess it's that
[27:37] if we're not aware of those things we
[27:38] can just find ourselves in those
[27:40] situations again and again and again. Um
[27:42] and then having a more and more negative
[27:44] effect um on our mind. And like
[27:46] conversely um I know if I go and sit in
[27:50] the park um
[27:52] I don't do this very often but I know if
[27:54] I just go and sit in the park and don't
[27:55] have my phone um it'll have a positive
[27:57] effect on my mind. Yeah. And I know I
[27:59] could put myself in that situation.
[28:01] Um so what I'm going to suggest now is
[28:04] we get into get into threes and just
[28:07] think is there a time where you feel
[28:08] like you've used this quality of
[28:10] appamada uh where you've had this
[28:12] vigilance to your mental states um and
[28:15] been able to see actually this is
[28:17] helpful for me. I can see that this is
[28:19] having a positive effect on me. Um so
[28:21] I'm going to try and do more of this. Or
[28:23] you've seen that actually this is having
[28:25] a negative effect on me. Um I'm going to
[28:27] try and um do less of this whether
[28:29] that's kind of an action uh or a
[28:31] situation you're finding yourself in.
[28:32] When have you used this quality of
[28:34] vigilance uh to see what's helpful for
[28:36] your mind? Yeah? So we'll just have
[28:38] about 5 minutes to talk um with each
[28:40] other. So if you find two other people
[28:42] So if you get into threes or fours
[28:44] um and just talk about when you've when
[28:46] you've used this quality of apramada.
[28:49] Okay, can anyone share with us what um
[28:52] what example what any examples of
[28:53] apramada
[28:55] in your life kind of using that quality
[28:59] to discern what's helpful and unhelpful?
[29:03] >> Yeah,
[29:03] I for me I thought of
[29:05] social media I guess something like
[29:07] that.
[29:07] >> Mhm.
[29:09] Mhm. Mhm.
[29:12] Right, so yeah, what were you noticing
[29:14] when you were on social media?
[29:15] >> Um
[29:17] being unhappy I think.
[29:18] >> Mhm. Mhm.
[29:23] >> Yeah.
[29:27] Yeah, I um
[29:29] yeah, I think generally
[29:30] unhappy.
[29:30] >> Yeah, yeah. Yeah, yeah. Funny if I'm
[29:33] ever in the mood to kind of question
[29:34] what I'm doing with my life, I just need
[29:35] to go on Instagram.
[29:37] Just kind of see all these other people
[29:39] doing things and like man, maybe I did
[29:40] the wrong thing.
[29:43] I don't actually think that.
[29:44] >> Maybe they're into the wrong thing.
[29:46] >> Yeah, maybe.
[29:48] But if we're getting into the thing,
[29:49] yeah.
[29:50] >> I agree with saying coming here is
[29:51] something that always makes us feel
[29:53] good, so
[29:54] >> Right, yeah. So you've noticed it has a
[29:55] positive effect.
[29:56] >> Yeah.
[29:57] >> Yeah, yeah.
[29:57] >> As opposed to Instagram.
[29:58] >> Yeah, yeah. Yeah, I find that. It's kind
[30:00] of whatever mood I'm in when I when I
[30:02] get here, I always leave more positive
[30:04] than than when I got here.
[30:08] >> For me, it always seems to be music. No,
[30:11] I can't get
[30:12] I can't like
[30:14] I always go for it for example when I'm
[30:15] commuting.
[30:16] >> Mhm.
[30:17] >> It changes the way I cycle, the way the
[30:19] rests I take when I'm moving around.
[30:21] And like
[30:23] my heart rate goes up. I'm living my own
[30:25] little like
[30:26] >> fantasy world.
[30:27] >> Mhm.
[30:28] >> I realized that
[30:29] sure music's great sometimes, but
[30:32] yeah, but I just
[30:35] come out feeling out of community
[30:37] listening to music and I'm quite
[30:38] exhausted and just separate from
[30:40] everyone.
[30:40] >> Mhm. Mhm. Yes, it actually has a closing
[30:43] off. So, yeah, just online to hear
[30:44] saying listening to music and having an
[30:46] effect. So, yeah, but actually listening
[30:48] to music puts you in a
[30:50] less positive frame of mind cuz it's
[30:52] cutting you off from things around you.
[30:54] >> Mhm.
[30:54] >> Yeah.
[30:55] >> It's interesting. Yeah. And presumably
[30:57] that wouldn't happen all the time, but
[30:58] you're saying like on your commute
[31:00] >> Yeah.
[31:00] >> it has a particular effect of
[31:02] >> Yeah.
[31:03] >> What we spoke about, I think something
[31:06] like quite similar for all of us is
[31:10] um
[31:11] that cuz I said worrying and worrying
[31:15] can really like snowball. And then um
[31:19] I can't remember your name, but you
[31:21] spoke about making up stories.
[31:23] >> Mhm.
[31:24] >> And that of something tragic or how
[31:27] things are going to evolve in the wrong
[31:29] direction. And like we both said that
[31:32] how the vigilance can help us or like
[31:34] mindfulness is that we try to see it in
[31:38] a bigger picture and be like
[31:41] how many times did my like So, for me,
[31:44] how many times did worrying help me? And
[31:46] how many times did the things that I
[31:48] actually worried about
[31:49] >> Yeah.
[31:49] >> get as wrong as I worried about them.
[31:52] And it's the same with the story like
[31:54] that I was the story that I made up for
[31:57] myself really turn out to be the actual
[32:01] turn of events? No.
[32:03] >> Mhm.
[32:03] >> So, then sometimes like just having like
[32:06] comparison to something that happened in
[32:08] our life or general belief about our
[32:10] life
[32:11] >> Mhm.
[32:11] >> or
[32:13] yeah, seeing it in like
[32:15] is it helping?
[32:16] >> Yeah, so I think I think you're drawing
[32:17] out a really important aspect. So, yeah,
[32:19] I was talking about kind of situations
[32:21] you're in and actions that you're doing.
[32:23] But actually from a Buddhist
[32:24] perspective, what we do with our mind is
[32:26] an action as well. So, actually
[32:29] if we're dwelling on something that
[32:30] someone's done
[32:32] uh and we're just getting more and more
[32:34] resentful, if we focus on that, that's
[32:36] just going to increase that
[32:37] Whereas actually, if we can dwell on
[32:39] positives, um that will increase the
[32:41] positives as well. So, part of the
[32:43] vigilance is noticing what are we doing
[32:45] internally, what are we dwelling on? So,
[32:47] if we're going through old stories, old
[32:49] resentments, old worries, um that's just
[32:52] going to be entrenching them more and
[32:54] more. So, yeah, part of the vigilance is
[32:56] being aware of what we're doing with our
[32:58] minds. So, yeah, thank you, that's a
[32:59] really really good point.
[33:01] Yeah, so this is a really this is a
[33:02] really important part of
[33:04] uh Buddhist practice, which I think nor-
[33:07] the normal the normal um
[33:10] kind of understanding of mindfulness is
[33:11] just just kind of being in the moment
[33:13] and being present with our experience.
[33:15] It doesn't include this aspect, which I
[33:16] think is such an important aspect, um
[33:19] because it makes us have an awareness of
[33:22] of what's uh kind of the repercussions
[33:24] of of each of each moment to moment as
[33:26] well.
[33:28] So, yeah, so we've looked at Smṛti and
[33:30] Apramāda, and the last one is
[33:32] Samprajanya, um which is the mindfulness
[33:35] of purpose.
[33:36] Um
[33:37] So, whereas um
[33:39] yeah, in kind of recollection and
[33:41] vigilance, that's kind of much more kind
[33:43] of in the moment or reflecting on how
[33:44] we've acted and how we're feeling now,
[33:46] mindfulness of purpose is including uh
[33:49] an awareness of the future.
[33:51] Um it's not uh kind of abstractly
[33:54] dwelling and worrying in the future, but
[33:56] it's just having an awareness that how
[33:58] we're acting now will have repercussions
[33:59] in the future. And it involves an
[34:02] awareness of what we want to do and
[34:04] where we want to go in our life. Uh so,
[34:07] what current actions do we need to take
[34:09] to take me to where I want to go? Um so,
[34:12] this is what we call mindfulness of
[34:13] purpose. It's that we have a purpose and
[34:14] we need to be mindful of that so that we
[34:17] make sure that we're moving in the right
[34:18] direction. So, for example, if we wanted
[34:21] to get um fit and healthy, um we need to
[34:24] remember our goal of health and
[34:26] longevity um when we don't feel like
[34:29] going for a run uh or when we don't feel
[34:31] like eating healthily and all of that.
[34:33] It's kind of having that goal in our
[34:34] mind, being aware of that, will help us
[34:37] make make help us take the decisions
[34:39] moment to moment to get towards that
[34:41] goal.
[34:42] And if we want to develop our minds, so
[34:43] we want to develop our minds and move in
[34:46] the direction of enlightenment, we need
[34:48] to remember that
[34:50] at the times when we don't feel like
[34:52] doing it. So yes, when we don't feel
[34:53] like meditating,
[34:55] when we don't feel like coming to the
[34:56] Buddhist center, when we don't feel like
[34:57] entering into more deep communication
[34:59] about something that we need to talk
[35:00] about. We need to remember the goal,
[35:03] have the goal in our mind of what of
[35:04] what am I moving towards in my life, and
[35:07] what do I need to do to get me in that
[35:09] direction. Because if we were only ever
[35:11] in the moment, we wouldn't have this
[35:13] broader perspective. We wouldn't have
[35:16] the broadest perspective to see what
[35:18] actions we're taking and where is that
[35:20] leading us. So we wouldn't be able to
[35:21] aim towards positive mental states, and
[35:24] we wouldn't be able to aim towards
[35:25] enlightenment. So we need to be able to
[35:27] include the future in our in our
[35:30] mindfulness as well.
[35:32] So yeah, these are the these are the
[35:34] three terms that are translated as mine
[35:38] as as mindfulness. And these are all
[35:39] really important
[35:41] for kind of filling out the picture of
[35:43] mindfulness. And we're now going to look
[35:45] at
[35:45] another another
[35:47] list, which is the four dimensions of
[35:49] mindfulness. So when we're looking this
[35:52] next is kind of including all of these.
[35:55] So I've got another got another sheet
[35:58] here.
[35:59] So yeah, we've got these dimensions of
[36:01] awareness. So they are awareness of
[36:03] self,
[36:04] awareness of others, awareness of
[36:06] things, and awareness of reality. Yes,
[36:10] we'll just go through we'll just go
[36:11] through each of them now.
[36:13] And to finish with. So Buddhism,
[36:17] well yeah, starting with self, we can
[36:18] break that down into three separate
[36:20] things. We've got awareness of the body,
[36:22] awareness of feelings and emotions, and
[36:24] awareness of thoughts. So Buddhism is
[36:27] really strong on mindfulness of body and
[36:29] its movements. Yeah, so the Buddha the
[36:32] Buddha taught this a lot um as a very
[36:34] foundational aspect of developing
[36:37] awareness. So the Buddha was very
[36:38] mindful. Um, it's said that he had an
[36:41] elephant walk. Um, is there's a lot of
[36:44] elephant metaphors in in the Pali Canon.
[36:46] So um it's like as he walked it was like
[36:49] his his walking was very deliberate
[36:52] um and very kind of powerful um but in a
[36:55] slow and gentle way. Yeah, so he's very
[36:58] mindful as he moved around. He always
[37:00] knew where he was going
[37:02] um and he always knew why.
[37:04] Um and there's a yeah kind of if you
[37:05] look at um kind of monks in um
[37:10] what do you call them? Monasteries
[37:11] um or things like that and they're
[37:13] moving around. There's always a um well
[37:15] I'm not always. I'm I don't know um
[37:18] all the videos I've seen
[37:20] you can you see them walking around very
[37:23] calmly and mindfully they kind of really
[37:24] trying to bring awareness um to to the
[37:27] movements as they go around. So there's
[37:29] all sorts of ways that we can develop um
[37:32] this awareness of the body. Um so one of
[37:34] them is walking meditation.
[37:36] Um so we don't do that at the center so
[37:38] much um just cuz there's not that much
[37:40] room. But if you go on retreats quite
[37:42] often there'll be some um practice of
[37:44] walking meditation done on the retreat
[37:46] and it's basically where we're bringing
[37:48] as much awareness to our body as we can
[37:50] and the movements of the body kind of
[37:51] the feeling of the ground under our
[37:53] feet, the feeling of the movement of the
[37:55] body, uh kind of any anything going on
[37:57] in our experience as we walk. So that's
[37:59] one way we can develop this
[38:01] um awareness of the body. Uh there's
[38:03] also kind of physical disciplines we can
[38:05] do.
[38:06] Um so there's yoga, tai chi, chi gong,
[38:09] martial arts, dance. Um anyone that
[38:11] knows me knows I'm obsessed with chi
[38:13] gong and um kickboxing at the moment. Um
[38:16] so it's going to make its way into a
[38:17] talk eventually. Um but yes, kind of
[38:20] like having having disciplines where
[38:22] you're um just doing things with your
[38:24] body in an aware way, in a controlled
[38:26] way, moving in a particular way, it
[38:29] helps just kind of suffuse your
[38:31] your kind of aware well your body with
[38:33] much more awareness.
[38:36] And it kind of gives you a sense of just
[38:37] being kind of I don't know how else to
[38:39] say it, but it's kind of a more
[38:40] full-blooded experience. It's kind of
[38:42] like you're walking around and it's like
[38:44] you're all there rather than being
[38:46] somewhere up here and your legs are kind
[38:48] of floating around. You can just have a
[38:50] more full-blooded
[38:52] experience of life. And then yeah,
[38:55] there's mind mindful eating as well. So
[38:57] one of the things we do with our body a
[38:58] lot is eating and we can often do it in
[39:00] a very mindless way.
[39:02] Kind of watching something or chatting
[39:04] or kind of walking while eating or
[39:06] whatever. Whereas if we can bring
[39:08] awareness to it, we actually So we eat
[39:10] probably three times or more a day
[39:13] and it probably takes about 15-20
[39:16] minutes each time if we if we sit down
[39:18] and do it. That's actually kind of an
[39:20] hour a day that you could really be
[39:22] developing awareness.
[39:24] So if if we could bring if we could
[39:26] bring awareness to that, that'd be a
[39:28] really good chance to develop this
[39:31] awareness of the body as well.
[39:33] And when when we're talking about
[39:35] mindfulness of body, it's not it's not
[39:37] that kind of we're up here looking down
[39:39] at the body.
[39:41] It's easy when we think about being
[39:42] aware of the body, it's easy to kind of
[39:44] abstract ourselves and look down at the
[39:46] body. It's much more natural than that.
[39:48] It's just kind of naturally being in our
[39:50] experience fully. Yeah, so it's kind of
[39:53] just like a fully being in
[39:55] being in our experience.
[39:58] And then that kind of leads into
[40:00] awareness of feelings and emotions as
[40:02] well. So they're not distinct these cuz
[40:04] they kind of blend into each other, but
[40:06] if we're not aware of the body, we won't
[40:08] be able to be aware of our feelings and
[40:10] we won't be able to be aware of our
[40:11] emotions. So the more we're aware of our
[40:12] body, the more we'll start to notice the
[40:15] feelings in our experience and we'll
[40:18] notice are they pleasant, are they
[40:19] painful,
[40:20] are they neutral? If they're emotion if
[40:23] we're feeling
[40:24] well if if we're aware of our emotions,
[40:27] and we can start to be honest about
[40:29] what's going on in our emotional life.
[40:31] Yeah, a lot of the time it's actually
[40:32] quite hard to face up to what's going on
[40:35] in our emotional life, particularly if
[40:36] it's
[40:37] if it's hard.
[40:39] But we won't really get anywhere in
[40:41] developing our minds if we're not able
[40:43] to look towards things. And actually a
[40:46] lot of the time as we start to turn
[40:48] towards the emotional aspect of our
[40:50] life, we start to realize there's a lot
[40:52] more positive emotion there than we're
[40:55] letting ourselves feel. Yeah, quite a
[40:57] lot of the time actually there is a lot
[40:58] more positivity there, but we feel a bit
[41:01] shy about it or we feel a bit ashamed
[41:03] about it or we feel like that's not very
[41:04] cool
[41:06] to not be positive. Whereas actually if
[41:07] we really turn towards our emotions,
[41:10] we might find there's difficult emotions
[41:12] there, but we'll probably also find
[41:14] there's a lot more positivity there as
[41:17] well. So we need to be able to fully
[41:19] turn towards
[41:21] our feelings, turn towards our emotions,
[41:23] and be honest with ourselves about
[41:25] what's going on.
[41:27] And then yeah, finally awareness of our
[41:29] thoughts.
[41:30] So I'm sure we all experience most of
[41:33] the time
[41:35] a a kind of a constant chatter going on
[41:38] in our mind.
[41:39] So Buddhism has a term for this which is
[41:41] propensities,
[41:42] which basically means this proliferating
[41:44] thought that is constantly going on in
[41:47] the mind. So it's kind of like one
[41:48] thought leading on to another, leading
[41:49] on to another, getting distracted by
[41:51] another, leading on to another, and kind
[41:52] of proliferating out. And our minds are
[41:55] constantly doing this. And if we don't
[41:57] bring awareness to it, we can have our
[41:59] lives kind of run
[42:01] by this propensities and don't even
[42:03] realize it.
[42:05] So what we can do is if we can
[42:08] and particularly in meditation,
[42:10] particularly in the mindfulness of
[42:11] breathing, uh start to become more aware
[42:14] of what our mind does. We start to
[42:15] become more aware of what our mind tends
[42:18] towards, and then we can start to do
[42:20] something helpful with it. Like you were
[42:22] saying, we were say um
[42:24] that you start to notice your mind's
[42:26] going over the same things, telling the
[42:27] same stories. And if we're not aware of
[42:30] that, we'll just be living that life.
[42:32] We'll be living the life driven by that
[42:34] narrative. We won't even know. Whereas
[42:36] the more we're aware of our thoughts,
[42:38] the more we can start to see, "Actually,
[42:39] that isn't a helpful story for me. That
[42:42] isn't a helpful thought for me. That
[42:43] isn't what I need to dwell on." And we
[42:45] can start to change it.
[42:48] And then from that, we can start to
[42:50] bring active reflections in
[42:52] um to help us uh
[42:55] well, move towards freedom. Um so,
[42:57] Buddhism teaches that there are certain
[42:59] things we can reflect on that actually
[43:01] liberate the mind, rather than keeping
[43:03] us locked in a cycle of going through
[43:05] the same old thoughts and experiencing
[43:07] the same old suffering.
[43:09] We can actually reflect on things that
[43:11] free us um from those habits, free us
[43:14] from those grooves um to move towards
[43:17] yeah, kind of a freer
[43:20] a freer mind. But if we're not aware of
[43:22] our thoughts, if we don't bring
[43:24] awareness to it first, we're not going
[43:25] to be able to move um in that direction.
[43:38] Okay, so the next one is awareness of
[43:40] others.
[43:41] Yeah? So, mindfulness isn't just about
[43:44] kind of being aware of what's going on
[43:47] um in our body, aware of what's going on
[43:48] in our mind. It also includes uh being
[43:51] aware of other people.
[43:53] So,
[43:54] real awareness, kind of awareness in its
[43:56] fullest sense, always includes an
[43:58] element of love. Yeah, it always
[44:00] includes an element of meta, um this
[44:02] quality of loving-kindness that we talk
[44:04] about in Buddhism.
[44:05] Um so, it's kind of a loving awareness
[44:07] of other beings.
[44:09] And
[44:10] when we're when we're with other beings,
[44:12] we want to be as aware of them as we
[44:14] can. Yes, we want to be developing our
[44:16] possibility of being aware. So, when
[44:18] we're with them, we can think, "What is
[44:20] their body language like? Um, how are
[44:22] they speaking? What's that saying about
[44:24] how they're doing? Uh, do they look
[44:25] well? Do they look unhappy?" Um,
[44:28] and then using our imaginative empathy
[44:32] to be able to really try and put
[44:33] ourselves in their situation. Yeah, to
[44:35] try and put ourselves into the shoes of
[44:37] another person to be fully aware of
[44:39] them. So, and that might include also
[44:42] kind of
[44:43] trying to hold information about them
[44:45] over time. So, yeah, if you're with
[44:47] someone that you've you saw a couple of
[44:48] weeks ago and they told you there was
[44:50] something they were struggling with,
[44:51] being aware of that and bringing that
[44:53] in. Um, or thinking, "Are there things
[44:56] that they need? Are there things that I
[44:58] could give them to help them?" So, it's
[44:59] including all of that.
[45:03] Um, in our awareness of them.
[45:05] And so, that's talking about being aware
[45:07] of of another person, but really what we
[45:09] want to be moving towards is is an
[45:11] identification with all beings. Yeah, so
[45:14] it's a non-differen- non- like a non-
[45:17] non-preferential awareness of other
[45:19] beings. So, so much of the time it's
[45:21] easy to put people into the camp of
[45:24] "Uh, these people are with me, these
[45:26] people are against me. Uh, I like these
[45:28] people, I don't like these people."
[45:30] Whereas, really what we're trying to
[45:31] develop is a deep awareness of beings,
[45:34] deep awareness of kind of the
[45:35] human-ness, um, the aliveness of all
[45:38] beings. Um, so that we can just kind of
[45:41] be aware of them as as beings. Yeah, so
[45:44] we're not kind of saying, "Oh, I want to
[45:46] be aware of these people, not aware of
[45:48] these people." Or, "I care about these
[45:49] people, I don't care about these
[45:51] people." It's having this, um, kind of
[45:53] undeff- undifferentiated love uh, for
[45:56] all beings. And that's what we're moving
[45:58] to with this awareness. So, awareness
[46:00] isn't kind of a cold awareness. Uh, it's
[46:02] also an awareness infused with love, Um,
[46:05] um with meta.
[46:07] Which then extends to being aware of
[46:09] things, um the nature and our
[46:11] environment. Yes, we want to carry this
[46:13] love, I want to carry this kind of
[46:16] um awareness infused with meta,
[46:19] awareness infused with this
[46:20] open-heartedness, to be aware of our
[46:23] environment, to be aware of the
[46:24] surroundings that we're in. Um so if
[46:27] we're outside,
[46:28] um if we're kind of in the in the
[46:30] elements, that could just be feeling the
[46:32] elements on our skin. Yeah, so we're in
[46:34] the sun, feeling the sun on our face. Uh
[46:37] we're in the wind, feeling the wind kind
[46:38] of bashing up against us.
[46:40] Um so much of the time we can not notice
[46:43] those things. We can be kind of off in
[46:45] our thoughts somewhere else, even if the
[46:46] elements are quite strong on us.
[46:48] Whereas, just bring our awareness to the
[46:50] experience of those elements, that kind
[46:52] of brings us in relationship uh to our
[46:54] surroundings. Uh but also being aware of
[46:57] the rooms that we're in, um or kind of
[47:00] the environment we find ourselves in.
[47:02] And we can do that anyway. It can be
[47:03] easy to think, "Oh yeah, if I lived in
[47:06] some beautiful countryside, I'd be able
[47:07] to be aware of my surroundings, but
[47:10] because I'm in London, that's very hard
[47:12] to do."
[47:13] Um there's someone someone said that to
[47:14] Sangharakshita once. They said, "It's
[47:16] difficult practicing mindfulness in the
[47:18] city.
[47:19] Um it's so ugly here. How how can I be
[47:21] mindful here?" Um and he said, "No, it's
[47:23] not."
[47:24] He said, um "If you're in looking at a
[47:26] brick wall, just be aware of that brick
[47:28] wall."
[47:29] Um so it's kind of like bringing this
[47:31] kind of as even like an aesthetic
[47:33] awareness,
[47:34] um this awareness um that kind of sees
[47:37] the aliveness of things, to whatever we
[47:39] find ourselves in, even if we're in an
[47:41] ugly environment, we can still bring
[47:43] that eye
[47:45] um of appreciative awareness to it.
[47:48] And then finally, awareness of reality.
[47:51] Um so this is where wisdom starts to
[47:53] come in. So we're trying to move in the
[47:55] direction um of a wise perspective. And
[47:57] here we're consciously bringing in Well,
[47:59] to begin with, we consciously bring in
[48:02] uh wisdom reflections. And there's all
[48:03] sorts of
[48:05] reflections we could bring in. But just
[48:07] for an example, Buddhism teaches about
[48:09] impermanence.
[48:10] Um it teaches about how things are in
[48:12] constant flux. They're constantly
[48:14] changing. There's this constant arising
[48:16] and ceasing um of all things, whether
[48:18] that's ourselves, other people, um our
[48:22] environment, our surroundings. Things
[48:23] are constantly in um in flux. And what
[48:26] we can do is we can bring those
[48:28] reflections into our awareness of
[48:30] everything else. Yeah, so into our
[48:32] awareness of ourselves, we bring in the
[48:34] reflections of change. Uh we we observe
[48:37] the arising and ceasing. Uh we see how
[48:39] our experience is changing. We can be
[48:41] aware of others. Notice how others are
[48:43] changing. No one's fixed. Um people are
[48:46] changing all the time, both kind of
[48:48] physically and their characters are
[48:49] constantly changing. And then our
[48:51] environment, um so kind of nature,
[48:53] nature's constantly changing, isn't it?
[48:55] We're going through the seasons, weather
[48:57] is changing. Um but also like uh
[49:00] our our environment changes, buildings
[49:02] get knocked down. Um buildings get
[49:05] rebuilt. It's a constantly It's in a
[49:06] constant flux.
[49:09] So that's one of the ways that we can
[49:10] bring our awareness to reality. Um and
[49:12] then finally, um we can bring our
[49:15] awareness to reality by being aware of
[49:19] things that embody reality. So in
[49:21] Buddhism, there's kind of a rich um
[49:24] vocabulary of different symbols um that
[49:27] are trying to point towards truth,
[49:29] trying to point towards reality. And the
[49:31] most common one is the image of a
[49:32] Buddha. Yeah, so the image of the Buddha
[49:35] is an image of reality. It's an image of
[49:37] a person um who's seeing things clearly,
[49:40] who's kind of lifted the veils
[49:43] um that are clouding perception to
[49:45] really see things as they are.
[49:48] And one of the things with with talking
[49:50] about enlightenment, there isn't
[49:51] actually a thing as enlightenment. Yeah,
[49:54] there's not some enlightenment out there
[49:57] kind of abstract from people. There's
[49:58] only enlightened people. Yes, there's no
[50:01] there's no such thing as enlightenment.
[50:02] There's just enlightened people. And the
[50:05] Buddha represents someone who's attained
[50:08] enlightenment. They represents the
[50:10] possibility the potentiality in all
[50:12] human beings to see reality in that way.
[50:15] For all human beings to move in that
[50:17] direction
[50:18] of reality. So by dwelling on figures of
[50:21] the Buddha we're being aware of reality.
[50:24] We're coming into relationship to
[50:25] reality. So that's why
[50:27] in every shrine room you'll have a
[50:29] figure of the Buddha on the shrine.
[50:32] But there's also flowers which are kind
[50:35] of symbols of impermanence.
[50:37] And there's candles and there's these
[50:39] offering bowls. There's all sorts of
[50:40] different symbols that are trying to
[50:43] orientate our mind to be able to reflect
[50:45] on reality
[50:47] and be aware of reality more and more.
[50:48] So the more we can get to know those
[50:51] symbols, surround ourselves in those
[50:53] symbols, have them kind of
[50:55] permeate our psyche, kind of soak into
[50:57] our psyche
[51:00] the more we'll be able to bring that
[51:01] awareness of reality
[51:03] into our experience.
[51:05] So these are the these are the four
[51:07] dimensions
[51:08] of of awareness.
[51:11] So awareness of ourself, awareness of
[51:12] others, awareness of things and
[51:14] awareness of reality.
[51:16] And then we'll just go back to the
[51:18] previous week just to recap
[51:20] as well. And then yes, so this quality
[51:21] of mindfulness that Buddhism talks about
[51:25] we can think about it as recollection
[51:28] of trying to make ourselves more whole,
[51:30] more unified, more integrated so that we
[51:32] can act more fully
[51:34] in our lives.
[51:36] A bit this vigilance so being aware of
[51:39] the situation finding ourselves in, what
[51:41] we're doing with our mind.
[51:43] Being aware of what leads to positive
[51:45] mental states, what leads to negative
[51:47] mental states and always trying to move
[51:49] towards the things that we are going to
[51:51] be of benefit to ourselves and others.
[51:54] And then finally, mindfulness of
[51:55] purpose.
[51:56] Um so, keeping our awareness on our
[51:59] goal,
[52:00] um on what we want to do with our lives,
[52:02] what we want what direction we want to
[52:04] move in.
[52:05] Um and so, yeah, all of this is kind of
[52:07] what we're getting at when Buddhism
[52:09] talks about mindfulness, when the Buddha
[52:10] talked about mindfulness.
[52:12] This is kind of the the complete vision
[52:15] um of what he was getting at.
[52:17] Yeah, so we'll we'll leave that we'll
[52:19] leave that there there for tonight. And
[52:20] that kind of brings the five-part
[52:23] um series on the precepts to a close.
[52:25] So,
[52:27] if you didn't hear the previous talks
[52:30] and you're interested, they're all on
[52:31] YouTube, so you can go back and um
[52:33] listen to all of them. But they're Yeah,
[52:35] the precepts are kind of so fundamental
[52:37] to Buddhism, and you can kind of find
[52:39] all of Buddhism within them. So, yeah,
[52:41] I'd recommend kind of do do look into
[52:43] them, explore them. But I hope this has
[52:44] been helpful in kind of seeing what what
[52:46] Buddhism's getting at when we talk about
[52:48] mindfulness.