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Inspiration

New Voice for Contemplative Science Podcast

MA
Mind and Life Institute
Oct 23, 2026
7 min de lectura

De Mind & Life Institute

Ver · 7

Phil Walker sits across from David Creswell in the studio where 84 episodes of the Mind & Life Podcast have been recorded over the last five years. The show is passing the microphone. Wendy Suzuki, who brought the program to life and shepherded its guests through deep dives into contemplative science, neuroscience, and the nature of human transformation, is stepping back. And stepping in is Creswell—a health psychologist at Carnegie Mellon, chief of science at Equa Health, and one of the field's most rigorous researchers into how meditation actually changes the brain and the body. For listeners who encounter Creswell for the first time in this role, the stakes of the transition become clear almost immediately: this is not a changing of the guard so much as a deepening of the inquiry.

Leer · 6 secciones

Where Psychology and Neuroscience Converge

Creswell's home base, as he describes it, is experimental health psychology—a discipline concerned with how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors shape human suffering and fulfillment. But his path to the host chair has required him to live at the borders between fields. After earning his PhD in social and health psychology from UCLA in 2007, he began mapping the mechanisms by which mindfulness meditation transforms experience. That work pulled him into neuroscience, where neuroimaging offered one lens on brain activity. It also pulled him into psychoneuroimmunology, the study of how the brain and immune system communicate through the stress response and beyond.

What matters most, Creswell suggests, is not the discipline itself but the approach: adopting what he calls "different lenses and different ways of knowing people." Mind & Life, he notes, has always worked at the boundaries between domains—between contemplative science and contemplative practice, between first-person phenomenological observation and third-person empirical measurement. To be a good contemplative scientist, he argues, requires holding all of these ways of knowing at once.

Yet something has shifted in his own work over the past decade. The early focus on biological mechanisms—the mapping of brain regions, the tracing of immune markers—has evolved. "A lot of my work in the last 10 years has really focused on translation," Creswell tells Walker. The question now is not just how meditation works in the brain, but how these insights can scale into programs that move people and systems at population level.

Why Live Training Teaches What Apps Cannot

That evolution matters to how the next season of the podcast will unfold. One of Creswell's recent studies compared the impact of live, group-based meditation training against app-based learning—the kind of on-demand practice that has become ubiquitous in digital wellness. The findings surprised some in the field. Apps are valuable, he emphasizes. They expand access. But they miss something essential that happens in the room with other people, in real time, guided by a living teacher.

The difference shows up in measurable ways. When Creswell's team tracked where the most significant changes in mindfulness skills actually occur, they discovered that the deepest learning happens not in the comfort of solo practice but in the difficulty of group work. "Doing this study with live group-based meditation training," Creswell explains, revealed that repeated engagement in a shared container builds something that an app—no matter how well-designed—cannot replicate. The practice of being open and receptive alongside others, of moving through resistance together, creates a different quality of transformation.

This finding touches on something contemplative traditions have always understood but that modern neuroscience is only now beginning to articulate: the social dimension of practice is not incidental to meditation. It is central to how it works.

The Hardest Moments as the Real Training Ground

Another insight Creswell has been exploring involves the relationship between difficulty and growth. In conversations with long-term meditators—people who have spent weeks on silent retreat—a pattern emerges. When he asks what these practitioners actually learned, what shifted in their understanding, they often point not to moments of clarity or peace, but to moments of resistance. The times when the mind would not settle. The times when old patterns of reactivity surfaced. The times when the practice felt like it was failing.

"The hardest moments in meditation may be where the real training happens," Creswell suggests. If we think about practice that way, it reframes what an effective meditation looks like. It is not primarily a state to achieve. It is a capacity to develop—the capacity to be open and receptive even when the mind resists, even when the body aches, even when nothing feels like it is "working." This shifts the entire enterprise. A busy mind is no longer a failure of meditation. It is an invitation to practice.

The implications extend beyond individual retreat experience. Creswell has been working with a broad range of populations—clinical and non-clinical, diverse in age and circumstance—and this understanding shapes how he designs interventions. If the juice is in the difficulty, then the program must not aim to eliminate resistance but to build capacity to move through it with intention and care.

Scaling Wisdom into Systems

Much of this recent work connects to questions about how contemplative approaches can inform larger systems. Creswell has been thinking deeply about systems change—about how the skills cultivated on a meditation cushion might translate into how organizations, communities, and institutions operate. The work is nascent, but the direction is clear. Contemplative science is maturing. When Creswell looks at the field now, he sees not a marginal experiment but a set of practices and insights ready to reshape how we address collective problems.

This is the vision Creswell brings to the host role. The Mind & Life Podcast, over its first five years under Wendy Suzuki's stewardship, became known for the depth of its conversations—for the willingness to sit with a topic long enough for real understanding to emerge. Creswell intends to honor that legacy while pushing the inquiry forward, toward questions about scaling, systems, and how contemplative wisdom can bridge communities and populations that have been divided or fragmented.

A Season of Deepening Inquiry

In the conversation, Phil Walker—who has been the behind-the-scenes architect of the show's production, the "village" that lifts each episode—poses a question about what listeners can expect. Creswell is direct: the season will explore the intersections between individual practice, scientific understanding, and collective transformation. It will feature voices from contemplative teachers, neuroscientists, systems thinkers, and practitioners who are working at the boundaries where real change happens.

He also makes space for something that the previous iteration of the show did beautifully: the extended dialogue that allows both host and guest to think out loud, to follow ideas where they lead, to hold complexity without rushing to resolution. "Podcasts are really great about going deep with topics," Walker observes. Creswell agrees and means to leverage that capacity fully.

What also becomes clear in this opening conversation is the gratitude Creswell carries toward those who came before—toward Wendy Suzuki for establishing the show's quality and depth, toward Jamie Bristow for the systems change mini-series earlier in the year, toward Erin McCarthy and Susan Bauer and the entire Mind & Life organization for the scaffolding that makes this work possible. This is not a clean handoff but a continuation, a deepening, a next chapter written by many hands.

Where to go from here

For those interested in following Creswell's work prior to this hosting role, his 2023 guest appearance on the Mind & Life Podcast—linked in the show notes—provides essential context on his research trajectory and the questions that have animated his career. The new season launches with a different energy: not an introduction to a guest expert, but an invitation into a host's questions about what contemplative science knows, what it is still learning, and how wisdom can move from the meditation cushion into the systems and communities where we all live.

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Transcript

[0:04] Welcome to Mind & Life. I'm Phil Walker,

[0:07] co-producer of the show.

[0:09] And I'm here today to introduce our new

[0:11] host for the Mind & Life podcast, David

[0:14] Creswell.

[0:15] David is a professor of psychology and

[0:17] neuroscience at Carnegie Mellon

[0:20] and the chief of science at Equa health,

[0:22] among many other things, which we'll

[0:24] dive into today.

[0:26] And of course, David is well known to

[0:28] the contemplative science field and the

[0:30] Mind & Life community.

[0:31] And he has previously been a guest on

[0:34] this show.

[0:35] We'll provide links to that episode and

[0:37] other key resources about David as we

[0:39] launch into the next era of the Mind &

[0:42] Life podcast.

[0:44] So David, on behalf of everyone at Mind

[0:46] & Life, welcome and thanks for taking on

[0:49] this role as host.

[0:51] >> Oh man, thanks Phil. I'm so excited to

[0:53] be on this show today, to be the host

[0:55] for this upcoming season. I know we have

[0:57] big plans. I can't wait to tell folks

[0:59] about it. And I get to talk a little bit

[1:02] about, I think, some of the things that

[1:03] have been inspiring me lately today. So

[1:06] I'm really excited about that. I feel

[1:07] like I know what it's like to be asked a

[1:09] really good question on this show and I

[1:11] get to now, as a host,

[1:13] you know, pass that on and ask those

[1:15] questions to others. And so it's going

[1:17] to be, I think, an exciting run.

[1:19] >> Yeah.

[1:19] >> I just want to say thanks to to you,

[1:21] Phil, and to Wendy for the last 5 years.

[1:25] You know, you guys did 84, was it 84

[1:28] shows?

[1:28] >> Yeah.

[1:29] >> And you know, Wendy had this, I think,

[1:32] really amazing way to go deep with folks

[1:35] and podcasts are really great about

[1:37] that. You get to go deep with topics.

[1:39] And so I feel like I have some really

[1:41] big shoes to fill. And I know she's

[1:43] probably going to be listening these

[1:45] podcasts and still engaged. So, um,

[1:47] Wendy, thank you for for all you've done

[1:49] and, um, you know, we're going to have

[1:51] to get her back on the show, for sure.

[1:53] >> For sure. Yeah. And I also, I really

[1:55] want to encourage everyone to check out

[1:57] Wendy's interview with you from 2023.

[2:00] Like I said, we'll put a link uh, in the

[2:01] show notes for everyone. That interview

[2:04] clearly lays out your background and

[2:07] research. And I think we'll pick up a

[2:09] little bit on what you've been up to

[2:11] since that interview.

[2:12] In addition, as you noted, we'll set the

[2:14] stage for the upcoming season of the

[2:16] podcast and perhaps a little glimpse

[2:18] into the future here.

[2:20] But first, I do want to give a quick

[2:21] shout-out to Jamie Bristow, who served

[2:23] as guest host for a mini-series on

[2:26] systems change earlier this year.

[2:29] If you missed it, please go back into

[2:30] the feed and check it out. We so

[2:33] appreciate Jamie and all the guests who

[2:35] contributed to that important and really

[2:37] valuable work.

[2:39] And deep thanks to Susan Bauer, the

[2:42] president of Mind & Life, and the board

[2:44] of directors for continuing to support

[2:46] this effort.

[2:47] And I also want to lift up our dear

[2:49] colleague Erin McCarthy.

[2:51] Erin is also a producer of this show.

[2:54] Many of you know Erin. She's a professor

[2:56] of philosophy, a scholar, a mindfulness

[2:59] teacher, and much more.

[3:01] Erin has been integral to this

[3:03] transition, and I just want to express

[3:05] deep gratitude to her for guidance and

[3:08] support along the way.

[3:10] >> Yeah, you know, Phil, I'll just add that

[3:12] stepping in in this host role, I really

[3:14] got to see, you know, how these shows

[3:16] are made and just the village it takes

[3:19] to lift up this show. And, you know,

[3:22] Phil, that starts with you. You're

[3:23] behind the scenes, you're building these

[3:25] episodes, and you described yourself to

[3:28] me at one point. I hope I can share

[3:30] this, that you're the show's biggest

[3:31] super fan, you know.

[3:33] >> I am.

[3:33] >> You know, you've been in it, and I hope

[3:35] today we can spend a little bit of time

[3:37] me asking you some questions about, you

[3:40] know, some of the highlights over the

[3:41] last 5 years and where you see things

[3:44] going yourself, because you were really

[3:46] are the sort of brain behind the whole

[3:48] enterprise.

[3:50] >> Well, I defer always to the hosts of the

[3:52] show, who are really the people that

[3:54] drive it. And Wendy certainly did that,

[3:56] and she was integral to the creation of

[3:58] this. And I really look forward to where

[4:01] you're going to take the show. And you

[4:02] and Aaron and I have been talking about

[4:04] this for a couple of months now, really

[4:07] since the beginning of the year, about

[4:09] how this show can evolve, and I'm really

[4:11] excited about it. Where we're heading

[4:13] and what we're going to do. We're going

[4:14] to We're going to jump into a little bit

[4:15] of that. But first, I want to do a

[4:18] little bit of background stuff with you.

[4:21] These are some questions that always

[4:23] come up for me in terms of people who

[4:24] are guests on the show, but you as host,

[4:28] uh I want to define a little bit for our

[4:30] audience where you're coming from. So,

[4:33] you have a PhD in psychology, and you

[4:35] describe your areas of expertise, and

[4:37] I'm going to have to read these as

[4:39] clinical psychology, health

[4:41] neuroscience, health psychology,

[4:44] psychoneuroimmunology,

[4:46] and social psychology. So, I'm curious

[4:49] where these things overlap, stand apart

[4:52] from one another, but mainly what the

[4:54] relationship is between psychology and

[4:57] neuroscience.

[4:59] >> Well, one of the things I love about

[5:00] Mind and Life is it's fundamentally

[5:03] interdisciplinary, and I think some of

[5:05] the best moments for Mind and Life and

[5:08] our Contemplative Science over the years

[5:09] has been where we're sort of working at

[5:11] the boundaries between domains, whether

[5:13] that's contemplative science and

[5:15] contemplative practice, but then a lot

[5:16] of other domains have really, I think,

[5:18] informed uh so many of the, you know,

[5:21] catalytic moments for Mind and Life over

[5:24] the years. And so, you know, I I think I

[5:27] I adopt that interdisciplinary approach,

[5:29] in my own work, and certainly looking at

[5:32] neuroscience and psychology uh as as

[5:36] sort of one boundary that I like to play

[5:38] in. And, you know, I think

[5:40] fundamentally, if you ask me who I am,

[5:42] I'm an experimental health psychologist.

[5:44] You know, that's where where I sort of

[5:47] put my my home base. Um and you know,

[5:51] part of that work early on was really

[5:53] studying the mechanisms of of

[5:55] mindfulness meditation. How is it that

[5:57] paying attention to our experience with

[5:59] real intention and openness can

[6:02] transform our suffering and increase our

[6:04] fulfillment in life. And,

[6:06] you know, when we talk about mechanisms,

[6:08] neuroscience provides one set of

[6:09] mechanisms and looking at the brain and

[6:12] in our biology in meaningful ways. And I

[6:14] I definitely early in my career dipped

[6:17] my toes in there and was doing some

[6:19] neuroimaging work looking at brain

[6:20] mechanisms. But then I also brought in

[6:23] psychoneuroimmunology, which is this

[6:26] field that's really focused on brain

[6:28] immune interactions. And like how does

[6:30] our brain and our immune system how does

[6:33] our brain and our peripheral stress

[6:35] biology talk to each other? What's the

[6:36] sort of biological links there? And so I

[6:39] brought that in

[6:40] in my early work as well. And you know,

[6:43] I'm still a psychologist at heart. I was

[6:45] trained as a social and health

[6:47] psychologist at UCLA. You know, I got my

[6:49] PhD in 2007. And so, you know, a lot of

[6:53] my interest really is focused on

[6:55] people's

[6:56] thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. And

[6:59] you know, how we can transform people's

[7:01] suffering. So there's certainly like a

[7:03] clinical applications piece. And I feel

[7:05] like to be for at least for me a good

[7:09] contemplative scientist, it's about

[7:11] adopting these different lenses and

[7:13] bringing in these different ways of

[7:15] knowing people. And you know, I think

[7:18] Mind & Life has really pushed me to also

[7:19] think about first-person experience and

[7:21] phenomenology.

[7:23] You know, practicing these contemplative

[7:25] practices really opens us up into being

[7:28] astute first-person observers and

[7:31] understanding subjective experience in

[7:33] unique ways. And so I feel like getting

[7:35] to be the the host of this podcast is

[7:37] amazing cuz I get to talk to people

[7:39] about these intersections between

[7:41] spaces.

[7:43] >> Yeah.

[7:43] >> And a lot of my early work really

[7:45] focused on, you know, looking at these

[7:48] biological mechanisms. And to be honest,

[7:51] I still do some of that work, but a lot

[7:53] of my work in the last 10 years has

[7:55] really focused on translation. So how do

[7:58] we scale up these programs in ways that

[8:00] are going to make an impact in

[8:02] populations of people and systems? And

[8:04] so, you know, I've started having these

[8:06] really interesting conversations with

[8:08] implementation scientists and

[8:11] um and system scientists and thinking

[8:14] about, you know, how we can scale these

[8:15] things up and

[8:16] you know, I think we're going to see

[8:17] some of that um this season. We're going

[8:19] to talk about system science in a couple

[8:21] of different ways and uh we're also

[8:24] going to talk about mechanisms, too. So,

[8:25] I think it'll be a fun season where we

[8:27] can really get into uh thinking about

[8:30] contemplative science and practice at

[8:32] these different scales.

[8:34] >> That's fantastic and I I think health,

[8:37] obviously, is a key to

[8:39] really almost everyone's life on some

[8:42] level. And I I know that since we

[8:44] interviewed you and in 2023, you've had

[8:47] a lot happening. And and maybe just give

[8:50] us some updates on the research you've

[8:52] been doing, the work you've been doing,

[8:53] writing, et cetera. Whatever's been

[8:55] really, you know, up for you over these

[8:57] last few years.

[8:58] >> Yeah, maybe I'll mention just uh a

[9:00] couple here. I mean, one is we're still

[9:02] in my lab really interested in these

[9:05] biological mechanisms and and these

[9:07] clinical outcomes and and applications.

[9:10] And so, you know, we're finishing up um

[9:13] a 5-year project looking at mindfulness

[9:16] training for folks with irritable bowel

[9:18] syndrome. So, sort of looking at these

[9:19] functional pain disorders.

[9:22] And really looking at how mindfulness

[9:24] training can transform people's symptoms

[9:26] in these contexts. But, we're also

[9:28] collecting stool samples and looking at

[9:30] the gut microbiome and how mindfulness

[9:32] meditation training might be changing

[9:34] um you know, gut microbiome signals. So,

[9:37] um that work continues. Um I'm really

[9:41] interested, too,

[9:42] in questions around digital meditation

[9:46] apps.

[9:47] >> Mhm.

[9:47] >> Simon Goldberg and I just wrote a review

[9:49] on this for the American Psychologist.

[9:51] So, we've been spending the last couple

[9:53] of years, um he and I and others,

[9:56] thinking about this digital meditation

[9:58] app space. Because, frankly, in the last

[9:59] 10 years, especially, we've seen this

[10:02] just dramatic adoption of these apps. If

[10:05] you look at the top five meditation

[10:07] apps, there's been over 300 million

[10:09] downloads of those apps.

[10:10] >> Wow.

[10:11] >> Um so, these are like amazing numbers

[10:13] for people worldwide um having access. I

[10:16] think there's been a lot of question

[10:17] about how effective these apps are and

[10:20] the initial clinical trials in that

[10:21] space. And frankly, like people aren't

[10:23] sticking around on these apps. Um so, if

[10:26] you look at you know, 30-day continued

[10:30] practice, you know, about 4% of people

[10:32] who download these apps continue to use

[10:34] them after 30 days.

[10:36] >> Mhm.

[10:36] >> So, you know, we've got a real

[10:37] engagement challenge there as well. And

[10:39] frankly, digital meditation apps just

[10:41] look really different than a lot of our

[10:43] kind of gold standard approaches to

[10:45] in-person meditation training, whether

[10:46] that's on retreats or with the

[10:48] mindfulness-based stress reduction

[10:50] program. And so,

[10:51] I've been working on digital app studies

[10:53] trying to understand this space. And one

[10:56] of the unique questions that we're just

[10:57] starting to work on is like, how do

[10:59] people's mindfulness skills first occur?

[11:03] >> Mhm.

[11:04] >> When people are first starting these

[11:05] apps, you know, how much is enough?

[11:07] >> Um

[11:08] >> in terms of starting to build these

[11:09] skills. So, we've got some new

[11:12] dose-ranging trials where we're

[11:13] manipulating the amount of dose that

[11:15] people are getting and looking at

[11:17] outcomes and and mechanisms in that

[11:19] case. So, I think that's going to be a

[11:20] really exciting next step for for my

[11:22] lab.

[11:23] >> Well, I want to ask you about that

[11:24] because if you think about the

[11:27] experience of learning meditation in a

[11:30] traditional context, you would be with a

[11:33] group, probably on a retreat, maybe in

[11:36] some kind of uh study group or something

[11:38] like that. And you're actually being

[11:40] guided by a teacher through how to

[11:43] actually meditate. And whereas an app,

[11:46] the some of them are very good, but it's

[11:48] a different context. You're sitting at

[11:49] home, you've got an electronic device in

[11:51] front of you. So, how do you see those

[11:53] two things um sort of weighing out as

[11:57] approaches to learning meditation

[11:59] practice?

[12:01] >> Yeah, I'm glad you asked about that.

[12:02] I've got so much to say on this topic,

[12:03] but

[12:04] >> Good.

[12:04] >> Um yeah, I I I think it's so important

[12:08] that the the group context, the direct

[12:11] connection with a teacher, that

[12:13] practicing with others as ways to really

[12:17] lubricate the practice and build these

[12:19] skills more effectively. So, I don't

[12:21] discount all of the kind of in-person

[12:24] and group-based um elements that are

[12:26] these important elements for for success

[12:29] with these programs. So, I I think

[12:31] they're really valuable. And there's a

[12:32] couple of studies in this space. There's

[12:35] also the fact that we've been doing

[12:38] trials where we take those things out

[12:40] and still see benefits. So, Jon

[12:42] Kabat-Zinn, his early work with

[12:44] psoriasis patients, you know, he had

[12:46] these psoriasis patients practicing

[12:48] alone, never with a teacher, just for a

[12:50] couple of minutes while they were

[12:52] getting treatment for their psoriasis,

[12:54] you know, this sort of itchy skin lesion

[12:57] um that are sort of skin lesions that

[12:59] can pop up. And you know, he saw

[13:01] fourfold faster clearing rates. And just

[13:04] a plug, we're going to have Jon on the

[13:05] show this season. And I'm going to ask

[13:08] him about that study because I talk

[13:10] about it a lot. And a lot of times when

[13:12] we think about Jon Kabat-Zinn, we think

[13:14] like he's one of the best at group-based

[13:17] mindfulness training. And here he is,

[13:19] you know, doing this this study with

[13:21] psoriasis patients where he doesn't give

[13:22] them groups or

[13:24] access to a teacher. So, you know, we'll

[13:26] have to see how he sits with this. But,

[13:28] you know, clearly we have these signals

[13:29] that it works um or can be really

[13:31] helpful for folks. And you know, we have

[13:34] to weigh the group-based approaches, the

[13:37] in-person based approaches with the fact

[13:39] that we can scale these programs. So,

[13:42] now, you know, I grew up in Lincoln,

[13:43] Nebraska, and I think like, what about

[13:45] all those people in rural Nebraska who

[13:47] didn't have easy access to an MBSR

[13:49] teacher or group? Well, now they can

[13:51] download apps wherever they are, and at

[13:54] least get into and start building these

[13:56] skills. So, I think there's a lot of

[13:57] value in them, too.

[13:59] And frankly, if you look at the horizon

[14:03] for where our digital technologies are

[14:05] going, we're building live group-based

[14:08] and interactive approaches to these

[14:11] contemplative practices. And so, you

[14:13] know, it's going to be a blip in history

[14:14] here where we don't have ways to connect

[14:17] with groups and teachers uh online and

[14:20] you know, people are already doing this.

[14:21] I I was so impressed with all these MBSR

[14:24] teachers during the pandemic, you know,

[14:26] going to remote-based programs where

[14:28] they're they're shifting to online and I

[14:31] know even Jon Kabat-Zinn's been doing

[14:33] these, you know, online meditation

[14:35] groups on Zoom and you know, I think we

[14:37] got to talk to him about that, too,

[14:39] because it's an interesting space where

[14:42] I think um teachers are innovating and

[14:45] figuring out ways to to get the best of

[14:47] both worlds.

[14:48] >> Yeah. You know, it's interesting you

[14:50] mentioned the the number of downloads

[14:52] for digital apps and then the lack of

[14:55] continued engagement and I think I think

[14:57] both of those speak to something.

[14:58] There's a desire, but there's also a

[15:00] challenge, right?

[15:01] >> Yeah.

[15:02] >> And I I I wonder if that intention to

[15:05] download an app and to use it is

[15:06] speaking to something that you've also

[15:08] done a lot of work on, which is stress.

[15:11] And I'm curious if maybe you could share

[15:13] a little bit about your work on stress

[15:15] and in particular something you focus

[15:18] on, which is discomfort. And I'm very

[15:20] curious about that as well. So, how

[15:22] would you frame your work on stress and

[15:24] discomfort and maybe share a little bit

[15:26] around that?

[15:27] >> Yeah. Well, it comes out of that

[15:29] discussion I had with Wendy on the

[15:31] podcast a couple of years ago where we

[15:33] were talking about equanimity and how

[15:35] mindfulness training really builds these

[15:37] skills of being open and receptive to

[15:40] your present moment experience. So,

[15:42] you're learning how to um be

[15:45] non-reactive and curious to your

[15:47] experience even if that experience is

[15:49] otherwise uncomfortable or or

[15:51] challenging.

[15:53] And so, you know, part of the work that

[15:55] we've been doing is really building this

[15:57] equanimity science. You know, equanimity

[15:59] is this capacity for being kind of open

[16:02] to the push and pull of your experience.

[16:04] >> Yeah.

[16:05] >> I think we're going to have Shinzen

[16:06] Young on this season and I'm going to

[16:08] ask him about equanimity because he's

[16:10] been doing uh so much work in his life

[16:13] as a contemplative practice teacher

[16:15] around teaching, you know, these

[16:16] equanimity skills. So, we'll do a deeper

[16:18] dive there with him for sure. But, I

[16:21] think this equanimity science that I've

[16:24] been working on over a number of years

[16:26] has really pushed me to start thinking

[16:28] about like what it means to lean into

[16:30] discomfort and that so many stressors

[16:34] that are in our lives to the degree that

[16:36] we're sort of leaning in and opening up

[16:38] to those stressors can transform

[16:41] um that stressful experience and

[16:43] transform how we react to it and

[16:45] transform um how that stress impacts our

[16:49] our health and well-being over time. And

[16:51] so, you know, I've got this new set of

[16:53] talks that I've been giving over the

[16:55] last year and a half on leaning into

[16:56] discomfort and that

[16:58] you know, interestingly, I think we

[17:00] think about meditation as being, you

[17:02] know, a very kind of well well, some

[17:05] people do anyway. They think about it as

[17:06] a very relaxing activity. You know, it's

[17:08] about uh relaxation. In fact, I think

[17:11] what meditation actually is is spending

[17:14] a lot of time with a broad range of

[17:17] benign discomforts and learning how to

[17:20] work with our attention to open up to

[17:22] those experiences and not react to them

[17:25] and get curious about them. And each

[17:27] time you're sort of doing these like

[17:28] little equanimity reps and you're

[17:30] building these equanimity skills such

[17:32] that when you go out and you meet big

[17:34] stressors out in the world, you're

[17:36] you're meeting them in a different way

[17:38] and you're not reacting in the same way.

[17:40] And

[17:41] meditation is like a beautifully

[17:43] oriented system for making people

[17:46] uncomfortable. And yes, it can make

[17:49] people feel relaxed and there's all

[17:50] sorts of deep states

[17:52] you know, jhana experiences and there

[17:54] there's a there's a deep end there that

[17:55] can happen, too. But, for most people,

[17:57] most of the time, anyone who's listening

[18:00] this has been on retreat can say like it

[18:02] is a workout, you know, it is a marathon

[18:04] that you're running dealing with

[18:06] a whole range of challenges from

[18:08] sleepiness to agitation to to boredom to

[18:12] body discomfort and that um

[18:16] in my view, and maybe this is where I've

[18:18] really changed a lot over the last

[18:19] couple years is that those moments of

[18:23] leaning into discomfort are the moments

[18:25] where you're really building skills and

[18:27] meditation is working its best. And I

[18:29] think that's a major rebranding because

[18:31] I think a lot of people think, oh man,

[18:33] I'm really struggling with meditation

[18:35] right now. I must be doing it wrong. And

[18:37] I think one one of my big messages that

[18:40] that I talked about with Wendy is that

[18:41] no, that's like it's it's working its

[18:43] best.

[18:44] >> That was a key takeaway for me from that

[18:47] interview you did with Wendy. And I've

[18:50] shared that with with many people who've

[18:52] asked me about meditation, not that I'm

[18:54] a meditation teacher and it or an expert

[18:56] in any way, but the first many years of

[18:59] meditation I struggled and I would say

[19:02] what I hear many people say is, well,

[19:05] I'm just not good at meditation.

[19:07] And and I said that to myself all the

[19:10] time. And I would see pictures of people

[19:13] obviously in beautiful serene poses

[19:16] seemingly filled with bliss.

[19:19] And that wasn't me. Uh that was me

[19:21] instead struggling with my own mind and

[19:23] my own thoughts and my own body

[19:24] discomforts and all those things. And so

[19:26] really appreciated your reframing of

[19:28] that. And then of course later on I came

[19:30] to realize, well, that's the practice,

[19:33] right? Is getting comfortable with that.

[19:34] And I loved how you compared it to

[19:37] you know, exercise. Like if we go to the

[19:39] gym and we're lifting weights,

[19:40] >> Yeah.

[19:41] >> are we good at lifting weights? I don't

[19:43] know. Uh we're just doing it, right? And

[19:45] we get stronger over time. So And then I

[19:48] think there's so many benefits that come

[19:49] out of it. So I I I do I use that uh

[19:52] reference to uh your work around that

[19:55] all the time.

[19:56] >> Yeah, I mean, I think meditation is like

[19:58] a gym workout. Um it's not always a

[20:01] massage, you know.

[20:03] >> Uh

[20:03] >> Mhm.

[20:04] >> Uh or at least a Swedish massage. Maybe

[20:06] not Maybe it's more like a deep tissue

[20:08] massage, you know.

[20:09] >> Yeah.

[20:10] >> You're really working with deep stuff

[20:12] and you're working fundamentally with

[20:14] your own suffering. And your you're

[20:16] changing your relationship one rep at a

[20:19] time to your own suffering. And

[20:22] if we think about it that way, it then

[20:25] kind of transforms how you think about

[20:26] your meditation went in that oh, wow,

[20:29] like I really I had a lot of challenges

[20:31] this time, but I each time I I I kept

[20:34] building this capacity to be okay in

[20:37] that experience to to be able to

[20:39] with open eyes and open heart just sort

[20:41] of

[20:42] move into that experience. And so, I I

[20:45] just I do I hold a special place for

[20:47] meditation

[20:48] and different forms of contemplative

[20:50] practice that allow you to work in this

[20:52] space. And I've also realized that maybe

[20:56] meditation isn't in its own category. In

[20:59] fact, you know, exercise, psychotherapy,

[21:03] journaling, cold water plunges,

[21:07] you know, these are all ways that we get

[21:09] people to move into discomfort and to

[21:12] open to that discomfort. And that maybe

[21:14] meditation is part of a much broader

[21:17] kind of category of ways that we can

[21:20] build our resilience and and well-being.

[21:24] And that maybe meditation is a bit more

[21:26] explicit about it in terms of ways to

[21:28] really practice that open welcoming

[21:30] stance, but that it's not unique. In

[21:32] fact, there may be other practices that

[21:34] are doing these things. So, that's kind

[21:36] of the ideas that I've been playing in

[21:37] right now. And that to the degree that

[21:39] we do that, we can really transform

[21:41] stressful experiences into being

[21:44] um not threats, but challenges that um

[21:47] help us grow and adapt.

[21:50] >> I'm really curious about the

[21:51] >> discomfort piece, too, cuz I I run into

[21:53] that a lot. There's probably a tendency

[21:55] for many of us to be what I often refer

[21:58] to as harmonizers. We kind of want the

[21:59] world to be okay, right? And but

[22:02] sometimes the world is a discomforting

[22:03] place, right?

[22:04] >> Yeah.

[22:05] >> And I'm curious how you think about

[22:07] that.

[22:07] >> Mhm.

[22:07] >> We're in the world, we're socially

[22:09] engaged in some way, and some discomfort

[22:11] comes along. And like, how does that

[22:13] sense of having a relationship with

[22:15] discomfort act for you? Like, where do

[22:17] you go when you feel uncomfortable in a

[22:20] certain situation?

[22:21] >> Oh, man. Well, I think our a

[22:25] knee-jerk response when discomfort hits

[22:27] us to

[22:29] distract ourselves, move away from that

[22:31] discomfort. And so, these practices of

[22:35] radically throwing yourself into the

[22:37] experience of that discomfort and

[22:39] opening up,

[22:40] you know, feel, um,

[22:42] contrary to kind of what our knee-jerk

[22:44] reactions are. And so,

[22:46] I think a lot of these practices give us

[22:48] an opportunity

[22:50] to play in that space and play with how

[22:53] our mind can, I think, play tricks on us

[22:56] or have us reframe the experience, uh,

[22:59] so quickly. And I think if we can

[23:01] practice, whether that's with exercise

[23:03] or meditation, it gives us an

[23:04] opportunity to,

[23:06] um, try something new and try turning

[23:08] our attention toward that experience.

[23:11] And,

[23:12] you know, I'll tell you, we like did a

[23:13] study early on with smokers where we we

[23:16] brought smokers in, we showed them these

[23:18] really desirable smoking cues, and, um,

[23:23] we told some of them to like, just, you

[23:25] know, allow and accept your experience

[23:28] as it's happening. We just gave them

[23:29] that simple prompt. We hadn't taught

[23:31] them meditation per se yet, but we were

[23:33] just asking them to kind of turn toward

[23:35] and open up. And we found that just by

[23:37] doing that, relative to, you know,

[23:39] control blocks, that they they reduced

[23:42] their their kind of craving response to

[23:45] the smoking images, and that also

[23:46] reduced their distress. So, I think we

[23:49] have this assumption that like

[23:51] when I'm feeling discomfort or I'm

[23:53] feeling craving, for example,

[23:56] by putting my attention on it and really

[23:59] opening to it, it's going to make it a

[24:00] lot worse. And certainly it is going to

[24:03] sensitize us to that experience, but

[24:04] there's there's so much wisdom in those

[24:06] moments of turning toward that we can we

[24:09] can learn. And most people, like those

[24:11] smokers in our study,

[24:13] they were kind of surprised. Like, oh,

[24:14] it didn't bother me as much, you know,

[24:17] um, as I sort of opened up and allowed

[24:19] that experience to happen. I wasn't

[24:20] fighting with it anymore.

[24:22] And, you know, we also that was a brain

[24:24] imaging study. We found that it also

[24:25] turned down their brain's craving

[24:27] response. So, we'll link to this study,

[24:30] I think, in the show notes. This is a a

[24:31] Cecilia Westbrook. She led the the

[24:33] paper. But, I was just so interested in

[24:35] this. This was 2013 when we had this.

[24:37] This was actually a Varela grant study.

[24:40] So, Mind & Life has these amazing Varela

[24:42] grants. We got one of those to support

[24:43] that project. And, really, I think

[24:45] kicked off for me this whole new kind of

[24:47] equanimity science agenda in my own

[24:50] research.

[24:51] >> I love that. And, it also speaks to

[24:54] areas of addiction, which is such a

[24:55] struggle for most people, right? In some

[24:58] frame, yeah. So, is there anything else

[25:00] you want to talk about with regard to

[25:02] your more recent work or anything that's

[25:04] come up for you?

[25:06] >> Yeah, you know, I mentioned that I'm

[25:07] really thinking about scaling up these

[25:10] meditation programs and implementation

[25:12] science and and digital meditation apps

[25:15] because I think these meditation apps

[25:17] allow us, you know, not to bring 300

[25:20] irritable bowel syndrome patients into

[25:22] the lab and do a deep dive on studying

[25:23] them, but to actually study 3,000

[25:26] irritable bowel syndrome patients out in

[25:28] the world and give them an app out there

[25:30] and and look at how we're impacting

[25:33] their their daily lives. And, so, about

[25:36] 5 years ago, I started a a meditation

[25:38] app company called Equa Health. Uh Equa

[25:41] is short for equanimity. We really

[25:42] wanted to figure out ways to to bring

[25:45] these equanimity skills to more people.

[25:47] And, I just want to call out, you know,

[25:49] as I've worked in this meditation app

[25:51] space, it's created this really unique

[25:53] conflict where we have these commercial

[25:55] offerings like this commercial work that

[25:57] I'm doing

[25:58] >> Yeah.

[25:58] >> around trying to scale this work up.

[26:00] And, you know, ultimately, my hope is

[26:02] that it's actually going to really be a

[26:04] tool for researchers in in ways that we

[26:07] can, you know, study meditation training

[26:10] out in the world. But, it does create

[26:12] this interesting conflict. And, I know

[26:13] we're going to have people on the show

[26:14] that are in the same boat where we've

[26:16] been starting to work with these

[26:17] different commercial entities. And, so,

[26:19] I think my hope as a host is to really

[26:21] be transparent about that um in the show

[26:24] and in our show notes so that people can

[26:26] make their own decisions on how they

[26:27] want to interpret some of that

[26:29] information. And, then, also just to

[26:31] uphold the fact that like this type of

[26:33] new set of conflicts is a sign of

[26:36] maturity for the field and that there

[26:39] are lots of people out there who are

[26:41] wanting to build products and build ways

[26:44] for people to train out in the world. I

[26:46] do think that's a really interesting new

[26:48] direction where a lot of us scientists

[26:50] are kind of negotiating like how do we

[26:52] work with some of these commercial

[26:54] entities and how do we work with

[26:55] industry in ways that's going to be you

[26:57] know, consistent with our values and

[26:59] consistent with making an impact because

[27:01] there's just so much interest. I just

[27:03] think that's great. And so my real

[27:05] approach in the space has been for us to

[27:07] turn our attention toward it and for

[27:09] scientists to be working with industry

[27:11] in ways to build better products and

[27:14] ultimately help more people.

[27:16] >> Yeah. Well, and I think it's the nature

[27:18] of academia now it's the new world, the

[27:21] real world that's been evolving for a

[27:23] while. Almost everyone I know in

[27:26] academia

[27:27] has some connection to a commercial

[27:31] enterprise or a private lab or

[27:33] entrepreneurial endeavor. It just seems

[27:35] to go with the territory. So I

[27:37] appreciate you sharing that and and

[27:39] bringing that up and probably many of

[27:40] our guests will be in similar situations

[27:42] as well.

[27:43] >> Yeah.

[27:44] >> So let's dive into the podcast itself.

[27:47] First thing is I'm really curious why

[27:49] you were interested in taking on this

[27:52] role as host. You've touched on it a

[27:53] little bit, but just curious any other

[27:55] thoughts you may have around you in this

[27:58] new role.

[27:59] >> Well, those 84 episodes that you and

[28:02] Wendy did where you're talking to some

[28:06] of the best contemplative

[28:09] teachers and scientists and spending

[28:12] really an hour, hour and 15 minutes just

[28:15] taking a deep dive into their work and

[28:17] the way they were thinking

[28:19] was just such an amazing resource for me

[28:22] because there's so much more that can

[28:24] happen in this long-form format of a

[28:26] podcast that's more personal and

[28:29] relevant than I could get in just

[28:31] reading their papers or work or even

[28:34] hearing them give a talk. And

[28:36] I am so excited to kind of continue

[28:38] that, and I want to continue that

[28:40] thrust. I think that we shouldn't change

[28:43] the secret sauce of that success.

[28:45] And I think, you know, what we do so

[28:47] well on this podcast that I want to

[28:49] continue is really looking at that

[28:51] intersection between contemplative

[28:53] scholarship and contemplative practice.

[28:56] And trying to see what wisdom we can

[28:58] pull out of that intersection.

[29:00] >> Yeah, I really appreciate you coming in

[29:02] to be host of the show and bring your

[29:04] unique experience and perspective,

[29:06] background, and all of that into this

[29:09] work. So, look, let's let's dive into

[29:12] what people can expect for the season

[29:14] coming up, some of the guests that we

[29:16] know that we're going to have on the

[29:17] show. There's some good stuff coming, so

[29:19] let's let's do a little preview for the

[29:21] audience here.

[29:22] >> Actually, Phil, before we do the

[29:24] preview, can I ask you a couple

[29:26] questions?

[29:27] >> Of course.

[29:28] >> Can I turn it back on you? I feel like

[29:30] you were so engaged. I mean, I don't

[29:32] think folks know, but for every episode

[29:34] that you released,

[29:36] you were working on cuts of it, you were

[29:38] looking deeply at those things, and I

[29:41] know over our conversations,

[29:43] there were so many moments for you that

[29:46] like would sort of fly by, or maybe fly

[29:48] under the radar of a first-time

[29:50] listener, but then as you were listening

[29:52] back in those episodes and you were

[29:53] working on them, there was like this

[29:55] profound wisdom or spark for you. And I

[29:58] know you you talked about some piece

[30:00] that I had in my in my interview with

[30:02] Wendy, but I'm just curious, as you look

[30:04] back at those 84 episodes, were there

[30:06] any like just off the top of your head

[30:08] like

[30:09] moments where you're like, "Ooh, like

[30:12] that was really interesting, um that we

[30:15] should be connecting to people." And

[30:17] maybe we can in the show notes, you

[30:18] know, link to some of these episodes

[30:20] because

[30:21] I feel like you saw things that that I

[30:23] didn't catch.

[30:24] >> Well, I really appreciate that question.

[30:27] And I want to answer it in a way that

[30:29] speaks to this idea of repeated

[30:32] listenings.

[30:33] Something that I felt with many of these

[30:36] podcasts is that on a first listen

[30:39] you only catch so much of it.

[30:41] And the depth of anyone's work the

[30:43] complexity of any given conversation

[30:46] often times I think begs for repeat

[30:49] listens.

[30:50] And of course I have the benefit on

[30:53] every show of listening many times. It's

[30:55] just part of the production process.

[30:57] >> Yeah.

[30:58] >> So given that

[31:00] my favorite show by far is with John

[31:03] Powell.

[31:04] >> Mhm.

[31:05] >> And this is a show that goes back to our

[31:07] first season.

[31:09] So John is the director of the Othering

[31:11] and Belonging Institute at the

[31:12] University of California, Berkeley.

[31:15] He's a lawyer, a professor, a civil

[31:18] rights advocate

[31:20] and really just a remarkable human

[31:22] being.

[31:23] So in the episode he unpacks the wisdom

[31:27] of a lifetime.

[31:29] John uses the lens of race and civil

[31:32] rights and othering

[31:34] to focus on what it really means to be

[31:37] human I think.

[31:39] And he addresses all sorts of issues,

[31:41] implicit bias, structural changes social

[31:45] instability

[31:46] personal anxiety

[31:48] and even how the self is constructed.

[31:51] And he does it all fluidly and

[31:54] seamlessly

[31:55] with great nuance through a variety of

[31:57] perspectives, cultural, political,

[32:00] economic, spiritual, psychological

[32:04] all of it toward what he refers to as

[32:07] bridging.

[32:08] Bridging groups of people, bridging

[32:10] communities and even bridging entire

[32:13] countries.

[32:14] So I won't get too far into it except to

[32:16] say that I have returned to this episode

[32:19] many times over the years.

[32:21] And each time I hear something new.

[32:24] I hear the thing that I need to hear,

[32:26] right?

[32:28] And these aren't just talking points.

[32:30] These are real insights and tools that I

[32:34] can use in everyday life.

[32:36] So I'll just say this, even if you have

[32:38] a good understanding of all these

[32:40] issues,

[32:41] I still recommend you give John a

[32:43] listen. It's that good and it's that

[32:47] important.

[32:48] And we'll be sure to put a link in the

[32:50] show notes for that episode.

[32:52] >> That's great. Um but just to call out

[32:54] Phil, I just love the way that you you

[32:57] approach this and just the care that you

[33:00] take to really transform this show or

[33:03] uplift it into something that people

[33:05] will want to listen to multiple times

[33:06] and you're right that John Powell

[33:07] episode, so good. Um

[33:10] >> Yeah.

[33:10] >> And you know, we talk a lot about

[33:12] systems change and we talk a lot about

[33:14] psychology and how we relate to

[33:16] experience and he kind of puts it all

[33:18] together and he says it in this kind of

[33:20] understated way that you're like, wait a

[33:22] minute. No, no, that was that was really

[33:25] big, you know? And but for him it was

[33:27] just of course, this is how the world

[33:29] works.

[33:30] >> Yeah. Yeah, I agree.

[33:32] >> And Phil, just one more question before

[33:34] we turn to the next season. Do you feel

[33:36] like working on this podcast has changed

[33:39] your own approach to your own

[33:40] contemplative practice?

[33:43] >> I feel like every episode delivers

[33:47] decades of wisdom that our guests have

[33:52] distilled and so there's always always

[33:55] takeaways for me and you know, it's

[33:58] interesting you you make that analogy

[34:00] about about reps and I think of it the

[34:03] same way and you even mentioned this

[34:05] like with therapy. I think of this show

[34:07] in that way too. You know, even as just

[34:10] a super fan of the show,

[34:13] I'm listening and absorbing

[34:16] all the nuggets and they they I think

[34:19] come together in a way that continues to

[34:23] evolve and inform just my own life and

[34:27] so this show for me and and other ways

[34:30] that I engage in the contemplative

[34:32] science field, um I think it helps

[34:35] inform how I practice and I think of

[34:38] practice as life. Mhm. Like how you show

[34:40] up at the grocery store, how you show up

[34:42] when a family member calls, and believe

[34:45] me, most days

[34:48] equanimity is hard to find.

[34:49] >> Yeah.

[34:50] >> So, I think uh

[34:52] the opportunity to listen to our guests

[34:54] and uh hear what they have to share and

[34:56] and I think for you as host to be able

[34:59] to really dig into the nuance of a lot

[35:02] of these topics um will continue to be

[35:05] rich and beneficial hopefully for our

[35:07] guests, but certainly I know it will be

[35:08] for me.

[35:09] >> Yeah, I I think there are a lot of

[35:11] lessons and reps. This is a a form of

[35:14] practice, you know, uh getting to work

[35:16] on this podcast. Well, so I also just

[35:18] mentioned um

[35:19] we have an email account for this

[35:22] podcast.

[35:24] And um what what's the name of that

[35:26] email account?

[35:27] >> podcast@mindonlife.org

[35:30] >> Awesome.

[35:31] >> We'll link that in there, too. Yeah,

[35:32] yeah. So, I really do encourage people

[35:35] to write to us and share their uh

[35:38] insights and thoughts and questions and

[35:41] uh hopefully you and I can surface some

[35:42] of those things uh in uh this season and

[35:45] the seasons to come.

[35:46] >> Yeah. Yeah, and we're going to read all

[35:47] of it. So, we're really open to feedback

[35:50] and trying to make these shows as

[35:52] helpful as they can.

[35:53] >> Yeah. So, David, let's dive into uh a

[35:56] little bit of this preview of uh some of

[35:58] the guests that'll be on the show this

[35:59] season.

[36:00] >> Oh, man, we're going to have a great

[36:02] season. In 2 weeks uh we've got Jon

[36:04] Kabat-Zinn coming on and he's been

[36:07] working with mindfulness-based stress

[36:09] reduction and teaching mindfulness

[36:10] meditation for over four decades.

[36:14] He started by bringing it into the

[36:15] hospital and you know, that episode's

[36:18] really going to focus on like what is he

[36:20] doing now? And

[36:21] >> Yeah.

[36:22] >> you know, he's told me that he's like

[36:24] genuinely loves teaching meditation to

[36:26] thousands of people over Zoom, which is

[36:28] not how I think about John.

[36:29] >> Yeah.

[36:30] >> Um so, we're going to take a deeper dive

[36:32] on some of those topics and you know, I

[36:34] assume he's going to remind us for an

[36:36] hour about how to really pay attention

[36:38] to our present moment experience.

[36:41] Uh he has this way of doing that.

[36:43] >> You know, John has previously been on uh

[36:45] the show.

[36:46] And my feeling is it's always good to

[36:49] connect with John. And I'm so happy that

[36:51] he's going to be on the show again. He

[36:53] has a unique perspective, and I think so

[36:55] many people in our audience already know

[36:58] John Kabat-Zinn, but uh tune in cuz it's

[37:01] always a fun ride with John.

[37:03] >> Yeah, so speaking of foundational

[37:05] leaders, we're also going to have Richie

[37:07] Davidson and Sona Dimidjian together on

[37:10] one show.

[37:11] These are big leaders in the field.

[37:13] They've both been on the podcast before.

[37:15] Richie's, you know, one of our leading

[37:18] affective neuroscientists, contemplative

[37:20] scientists. And Sona is a wonderful

[37:22] professor of clinical psychology.

[37:25] Um and she's also the board chair for

[37:27] Mind & Life. I think she came in um

[37:30] Yeah.

[37:30] >> Just this year. Yeah.

[37:31] >> Yeah.

[37:31] >> Um so we get these like major leaders in

[37:34] the space. And so I'm going to take

[37:36] advantage of that and really ask them to

[37:39] reflect on what were some of the biggest

[37:41] moments in contemplative science as it's

[37:43] really sort of evolved over the last 30

[37:45] years and come into being kind of a

[37:47] fringe topic to something, you know,

[37:50] scientifically mainstream.

[37:52] So part of the show's going to be

[37:53] focused on looking back at some of these

[37:55] major moments and major studies. And

[37:58] then also

[37:59] I'm going to push them on where does the

[38:00] field need to go next, you know? So

[38:03] we'll start to get their ideas on ways

[38:05] where we can really I think make impacts

[38:07] and push our field forward in the in the

[38:08] coming decade or two. So that'll be an

[38:10] exciting show.

[38:12] >> Yeah, I'm looking forward to having Sona

[38:13] and Richie together.

[38:15] >> Yeah, I think they'll be really good.

[38:17] We've got an interest this season on

[38:19] systems change. Like how can we scale up

[38:22] contemplative practices and

[38:24] contemplative wisdom in ways that can

[38:26] change systems?

[38:27] >> Yeah.

[38:27] >> We've got a couple, I think all of our

[38:29] guests are going to talk about that in

[38:31] some form or another. But two guests I

[38:33] want to highlight in particular, Willem

[38:35] Kuyken, University of Oxford professor.

[38:38] Uh many of us know him as um one of the

[38:40] leaders in terms of mindfulness

[38:43] meditation and sort of scaling that up

[38:45] into a universal school-based

[38:48] mindfulness programs and like he's got

[38:50] the myriad trials. So we're really going

[38:52] to look at like, you know, when they

[38:53] gave mindfulness meditation training to

[38:56] over 8,000 kids in schools. Uh these are

[38:59] middle school kids. Like what were the

[39:01] impacts and some of the surprising

[39:03] results that came out of that. And so

[39:05] I'm going to take a deep dive with

[39:06] Willem there. He's just a really

[39:07] interesting guy that's

[39:09] you know, thinking about mechanism to

[39:12] implementation and like how do we scale

[39:14] and systems. And so I'm really excited

[39:16] about that. I think that'll be a really

[39:18] good show. But also we're going to have

[39:21] Mara Arizaga on the show and um she's

[39:25] like a really interesting person. So she

[39:27] um you know, meditation teacher for 20

[39:29] years. She wrote this book on how

[39:31] Tibetan meditation really traveled to

[39:33] the west.

[39:35] And then she like took these ideas and

[39:37] took it somewhere nobody expected, which

[39:40] is the United Nations. So she runs the

[39:43] well-being unit at the UN's Human Rights

[39:45] Office.

[39:46] And what she did was during the pandemic

[39:49] started teaching meditation over Zoom

[39:52] to folks in the United Nations. And now

[39:55] it's a program that started to scale up

[39:56] across the whole system. And so she's

[39:58] really thinking about systems change in

[40:01] a whole different way. And I think

[40:03] that's going to be a really rich

[40:04] conversation

[40:06] from from somebody who's been trying to

[40:09] work at the policy level and the human

[40:11] rights level and try to bring this

[40:14] contemplative wisdom into that space. So

[40:16] I think that'll be a really good show.

[40:18] Yeah. You know, we also have folks

[40:20] coming on this season who are really

[40:22] about bringing these practices out into

[40:25] the world and focusing on teaching and

[40:28] transforming people's lives. And so you

[40:31] know, two people that come to mind that

[40:32] we're going to have on the show. One is

[40:33] Jeremy Hunter and he's been looking at

[40:36] ways he can teach these inner awareness

[40:38] practices to executives. So really

[40:40] thinking about executive leadership and

[40:42] how you can bring contemplative

[40:44] practices into that space and make an

[40:47] impact. And he's got these amazing

[40:49] personal stories, too.

[40:50] >> Yeah.

[40:51] >> Jeremy's been a friend of mine for a

[40:53] couple of decades now, and um I think

[40:55] we're going to get a really intimate

[40:56] look at how he's used these practices to

[40:59] transform his own suffering in his life

[41:02] and challenges, but also how he's

[41:04] translated his understanding into

[41:07] executive leadership and really taking

[41:09] people who might not necessarily be

[41:11] turning to contemplative practices as

[41:13] tools to really leaning into those

[41:16] practices. And so, I think that'll be a

[41:17] really good show on leadership and

[41:19] transformation. And then um we're going

[41:22] to have Shinzen Young on. So, he hasn't

[41:24] been on the show yet. Uh a wonderful

[41:26] teacher a bit of a maverick, you know,

[41:29] in the space around how to teach these

[41:30] contemplative practices and

[41:32] you know, as I mentioned at the front

[41:34] end of this show, he's been someone

[41:35] who's been really spending a life

[41:37] thinking about equanimity and this

[41:39] capacity to open up. And so, selfishly,

[41:41] I wanted to just um talk to Shinzen, um

[41:44] have him tell his stories, and

[41:47] bring his unique perspective to uh

[41:49] contemplative science and practice. And

[41:51] he's certainly, I think, a contemplative

[41:53] scientist at heart who's really

[41:56] expressed most of his work in his life

[41:58] as a contemplative practice teacher.

[42:00] >> Yeah.

[42:01] >> He boils stuff down to math so much so.

[42:04] Like, he has this wonderful equation,

[42:06] suffering equals pain times resistance.

[42:09] I just love that. Uh like, you know,

[42:11] there's a mathematical equation that we

[42:13] have for thinking about suffering. And,

[42:16] you know, resistance being that

[42:17] equanimity piece and how we can we bring

[42:19] that resistance down to zero, we can

[42:22] still have pain in our life, but not um

[42:24] have necessarily suffering. If I'm doing

[42:26] the math right, he'll have to tell us if

[42:27] that math is right.

[42:28] >> Yeah.

[42:28] >> So, um he'll be on and um you know, he's

[42:32] he's a really interesting guy that, you

[42:34] know, speaks like 10 languages fluently

[42:36] and focuses his free time on theoretical

[42:39] math, you know. Um so, I think that'll

[42:41] be a really fun show.

[42:42] >> Beautiful.

[42:43] >> So, Phil you've been doing this podcast

[42:45] for 5 years. You've been around Mind and

[42:47] Life for much longer. So, you've been

[42:49] involved in the dialogues, you've been

[42:51] involved in all the different

[42:53] programming that Mind & Life has done

[42:54] over the last couple of decades. And I'm

[42:58] curious, A, like how has that work

[43:01] impacted you? How have you seen it

[43:03] evolve? And where do you see the podcast

[43:06] in fitting in, you know,

[43:09] as maybe an extension to the dialogues

[43:11] or as some other format that kind of

[43:13] stretches the mission of Mind & Life?

[43:16] >> Yeah, that's a great question. And I

[43:18] always like to go back to the origin of

[43:22] this organization. And I think as, you

[43:25] know, most of our audience knows, Mind &

[43:27] Life was started by

[43:29] His Holiness the Dalai Lama and

[43:30] Francisco Varela, along with Adam Engle.

[43:34] And there were other founding stewards

[43:36] like Jon Kabat-Zinn, Richie Davidson,

[43:38] Roshi Joan Halifax, Matthieu Ricard, Dan

[43:41] Goleman. All these people played a very

[43:43] important role early on. But one of the

[43:46] things that the Dalai Lama did was he

[43:50] set up this idea of dialogue.

[43:53] And most people think of the Dalai Lama

[43:56] as being somebody you go and you see him

[43:59] and he talks to you.

[44:01] But what these dialogues have done over

[44:03] the course of 40 years, His Holiness

[44:06] uh meeting with scientists,

[44:10] uh contemplatives, philosophers,

[44:12] is he's primarily listening. He's

[44:15] primarily a student who is

[44:18] uh engaging in the latest neuroscience,

[44:22] psychology, anthropology, education,

[44:26] uh biology, quantum physics. He's just

[44:29] sitting and listening to people. And

[44:32] then he's asking questions, and people

[44:34] are asking him questions, and he's

[44:36] interacting. Uh but mostly what you get

[44:39] is

[44:40] someone who is an icon

[44:43] who is listening

[44:45] to other people. And so I think that

[44:49] these conversations in the dialogues

[44:51] were all about nuance, complexity, and

[44:54] how two worlds could come together, the

[44:57] world of science and philosophy and sort

[45:00] of western education and Buddhism, or as

[45:05] we like to think of it, contemplative

[45:07] wisdom, right? So, for me the podcast is

[45:10] this really great opportunity to

[45:12] continue with that work where there's

[45:14] this exploration of complexity and

[45:16] nuance

[45:17] and ever-evolving topics. And as you

[45:21] noted, cross-disciplinary

[45:23] interests from many different guests. I

[45:26] just love that, like how the podcast is

[45:28] a continuation of that effort of

[45:30] dialogue. So, you know, I'm looking

[45:33] forward to how it evolves for this

[45:35] season and seasons to come.

[45:37] >> Yeah, I just feel like the podcast is

[45:38] like a little mini dialogue where we can

[45:41] take a deep dive much like we do with

[45:43] the Dalai Lama or some of these other

[45:44] big stage events, but do it in more of

[45:47] an intimate way.

[45:48] But then get that out to so many people

[45:50] for free across the world. Uh in a way

[45:53] where they can they can have that taste

[45:55] and that feeling of connection to the

[45:57] work and to these practices. And

[46:00] I'm excited about this season. I'm

[46:01] excited about next season. Can I just

[46:03] preview it? Is it possible?

[46:05] >> Sure.

[46:06] >> So, we're working on next season. So,

[46:08] this is going to be 2027.

[46:10] We're planning on a a spring release and

[46:13] then a fall release. It's going to be on

[46:15] consciousness. So, we're going to really

[46:18] try to take a deep dive on some of the

[46:20] bigger questions that really I think

[46:23] underlie so much of why we all come to

[46:26] Mind & Life or we come to this

[46:28] intersection space. Is we want to know

[46:30] about the nature of consciousness and

[46:33] there's so much happening right now

[46:35] across our contemplative practice

[46:37] science, but also like with

[46:39] psychedelics, generative AI, and what's

[46:42] going on there when we're creating

[46:44] thinking machines, you know, how does

[46:46] that relate to consciousness? And so,

[46:49] we're building a slate of of speakers

[46:51] now and thinking about a real powerful

[46:53] narrative arc to taking a deep dive. And

[46:56] I think if folks like this season, I

[46:58] want to take some more risks next

[47:00] season. 2027 might mean us pushing the

[47:03] boundaries of of our comfort zones in

[47:06] terms of, you know, looking at plant

[47:08] consciousness, thinking about animal

[47:11] hibernation, and these states of torpor

[47:13] as unique states of consciousness,

[47:14] looking at sleep and lucid dreaming. Um

[47:17] certainly psychedelics and AI is just

[47:20] topics that I think uh start to kind of

[47:23] flex into these questions uh about what

[47:26] is the nature of mind and the nature of

[47:28] um you know, conscious experience. So,

[47:31] I'm really excited about that future

[47:32] season. Um

[47:34] and for the meantime, you know, we've

[47:35] got all this great stuff coming um for

[47:38] this season. So, um get ready. It's

[47:41] going to be a really good set of shows,

[47:43] and um I can't wait to get started.

[47:46] >> Yeah, well, David, thank you so much.

[47:47] I'm excited, too. And so, uh we'll just

[47:50] encourage everybody to stay tuned, and

[47:53] uh make sure we're at the top of your

[47:54] feed, and we'll be bringing you some

[47:56] really good shows in the very near

[47:58] future.

[47:59] Thanks, David.

[48:00] >> See you in 2 weeks.

[48:06] >> Mind & Life is a production of the Mind

[48:07] & Life Institute.

[48:10] Show notes, transcripts, and other

[48:12] resources for all our episodes can be

[48:15] found at podcast.mindandlife.org.

[48:19] Visit us at mindandlife.org, where you

[48:21] can learn more about how we bridge

[48:23] science and contemplative wisdom to

[48:25] foster insight and inspire action

[48:28] towards flourishing.

[48:30] If you find these conversations

[48:31] valuable, and you'd like to support the

[48:33] work that we do,

[48:35] you can make a donation of any amount at

[48:37] mindandlife.org/give.

[48:42] Be well,

[48:43] take care of each other,

[48:45] and thank you for listening.

MA
Artist
Mind and Life Institute

Watch more from Mind and Life Institute on YouTube.

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Contemplative-scienceMeditation-researchHealth-psychologyNeuroscience-contemplative-practiceSystems-change

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Preguntas Frecuentes

According to Creswell's recent research, live group-based meditation training produces deeper changes in mindfulness skills than app-based learning. While apps expand access and are valuable, they cannot replicate the transformative power of being guided by a living teacher in a shared container with other practitioners, where repeated engagement and mutual support foster deeper learning.
Creswell's early work used neuroimaging to map brain mechanisms activated during mindfulness practice, and he also drew on psychoneuroimmunology—the study of brain-immune interactions and stress biology. However, his more recent focus has shifted from isolated brain changes to understanding how meditation translates into population-level impact through behavior change and systems work.
Contemplative science is an interdisciplinary field that bridges first-person contemplative practice with third-person empirical research. It draws on psychology, neuroscience, immunology, and phenomenology to understand how practices like meditation transform human suffering and fulfillment, and increasingly, how these insights can inform organizational and social systems.
Creswell's research with long-term meditators reveals that the hardest moments—when resistance arises, the mind won't settle, or old patterns surface—are often where the deepest learning and transformation occur. This reframes meditation not as achieving a peaceful state, but as developing the capacity to be open and receptive even in difficulty.
Health psychology focuses on how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors shape human suffering and wellbeing. In meditation research, it provides a framework for understanding not just brain mechanisms but how contemplative practice transforms people's lived experience and can be scaled into interventions for diverse populations.
While not detailed in this conversation, Creswell's role reflects his broader focus on translating contemplative science research into scalable programs and systems-level change—moving meditation and mindfulness interventions from the lab into real-world populations and organizations.

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