Transcript
[0:00] So what we're looking at um exepa
[0:02] mentioned it but we're looking at
[0:04] disciples of the Buddha. Uh so um yeah
[0:07] on the intro course you'll have heard
[0:08] about the Buddha. Um but what we're
[0:10] going to be looking at over the next few
[0:12] weeks is enlightened beings um who
[0:14] encountered the Buddha um had their own
[0:17] realization um and then yeah were a
[0:20] disciple lived as a disciple of the
[0:22] Buddha. Um and today we're looking at
[0:24] the story of Anguli Mara. Um, so I'll
[0:26] just get straight into it by um telling
[0:28] the story. Um, so he was born um, so he
[0:32] was born into the kingdom of Kosula. Um,
[0:35] and he was named Aim Saka. Um, and I'm
[0:38] probably not saying that right, but
[0:40] that's how I'm going to say it. Um, and
[0:42] it means um, nonharming.
[0:45] So he when he was born, he was given the
[0:47] name non-harming, and he was the son of
[0:49] a chaplain to the king. Um, so he was
[0:52] quite in quite a noble a noble family.
[0:55] Um and as a young man he was very
[0:57] bright. He was very intelligent um young
[1:00] man and they could see that. So they
[1:01] sent him uh to a school. They sent him
[1:04] away to a school to study um in a
[1:07] kingdom called Takila. Um and his
[1:10] teacher was very fond of him. So he
[1:11] worked um he worked closely with his
[1:13] teacher. Um he's a very bright student.
[1:16] He was a very good student and his
[1:17] teacher um grew very fond of him. Um but
[1:21] unfortunately his wife uh the teacher's
[1:23] wife also grew fond of him. Um so he was
[1:26] in this situation where um he was
[1:29] studying under this um teacher but his
[1:31] the teacher's wife had become infatuated
[1:34] with him um and kept trying to seduce
[1:36] him basically. Um so um but each so but
[1:40] he was a good he was a good um he was
[1:43] like a good-natured man and he didn't
[1:44] want to betray his teacher. Um so each
[1:47] time um he refused her. Um but after a
[1:51] number of attempts um she became so
[1:53] enraged and insulted by um his rejection
[1:56] that she falsely accused him of trying
[1:59] to seduce her. Um which is really
[2:01] unfair, isn't it? Um that's what
[2:03] happened. Um and so he's in the
[2:06] situation where he's been accused of
[2:08] this. Um he's been kind of a dutiful um
[2:11] student, his teacher, but he's been
[2:12] accused of this. Um but the teacher um
[2:16] he believed he believed his wife um but
[2:18] he was also still fond of our himser. Um
[2:22] so he he like he wanted to get rid of
[2:24] him but he also didn't want to shame
[2:26] him. Um he didn't want to um publicly
[2:30] publicly ridicule him. Um so he came up
[2:33] with a plan to send him away. Um and in
[2:37] a way the plan the plan wasn't much
[2:39] better than publicly shaming him. Um but
[2:42] we'll go into what his plan was. Um so
[2:44] he told Aims Saka that to complete his
[2:47] training um so he said I'm still going
[2:49] to allow you to complete your training
[2:51] but to complete your training uh you
[2:53] must offer a thousand human fingers as a
[2:56] gift. Um and this demand was meant to be
[3:00] impossible. It was meant to be something
[3:01] that um he wasn't going to be able to
[3:03] do. Um but at this point um Aim Saka
[3:07] lost he lost his mind basically. Um so
[3:09] he started off as a as a bright good um
[3:12] young man but in this kind of in this
[3:15] situation where his life's fallen apart
[3:17] he lost his mind and he really wanted to
[3:20] redeem himself. Uh he was kind of
[3:22] distraught by his life being ripped
[3:24] apart in this way and he really wanted
[3:26] to redeem himself. So he set about his
[3:28] task um and he entered the forest and
[3:31] began murdering travelers. Um, so he
[3:33] lived in this for forest and as
[3:35] travelers came through, um, he'd murder
[3:38] them. Um, and he'd cut the finger off
[3:40] each of his victims. Um, and he strung
[3:43] them around his neck in a necklace, um,
[3:45] and wore them. Um, it's a pretty grim,
[3:48] pretty grim image. Um, and he earned the
[3:51] name Anguli Mara, which means garland of
[3:55] fingers. Um, so Mara means garland. So
[3:58] you kind of you get the maras that you
[4:00] count. Um and then anguli must mean
[4:03] finger. Um which I think is a much
[4:05] better word for finger, isn't it? Your
[4:07] angulies.
[4:09] [laughter]
[4:11] Anyway, so he was named he was named
[4:13] Anguli Mara after the fact that he
[4:16] walked around with these fingers um
[4:19] around his neck of his victims.
[4:22] And so they they were they were living
[4:24] in this um well the people around were
[4:26] living in this state of they needed to
[4:28] use this forest. they needed to travel
[4:30] through this forest. Um, but there was
[4:32] this terror that they might come across
[4:34] Angulima. Um, they feared to travel
[4:37] these roads in case they encountered
[4:39] him. So, he'd been doing this for a
[4:42] while now. Um, and he'd almost reached
[4:44] his goal. Um, so he had 99 Yeah. 999
[4:49] fingers on his necklace. So, he had a
[4:52] very big necklace and his goal was to
[4:54] get to a thousand. Um, so he was very
[4:56] close to achieving this goal. he thought
[4:58] he was going to be able to redeem
[4:59] himself. Um, and at this point, um, his
[5:02] mother hears of her son's crimes. Um, so
[5:06] she's heard about him. She knows it's
[5:08] her son. Um, and she wants to go and
[5:10] save him. She wants to go help him out
[5:11] of this situation. So, she goes into the
[5:14] forest um to find him and and try and
[5:17] redeem him.
[5:20] And at this point the Buddha um it's
[5:22] said with his divine eye um so he has
[5:25] this kind of broad awareness um of
[5:28] things and with his divine eye he's
[5:30] aware um that Anguli Mara's there and
[5:33] he's aware that the his mother has
[5:35] entered the forest uh and he knows that
[5:38] if he doesn't intervene Anguli Mara is
[5:41] going to murder his mother and um the
[5:44] dharma says that murdering one's mother
[5:46] is one of the five worst karmically
[5:48] significant acts that you can do. Um,
[5:51] and the Buddha can see that this is um
[5:53] about to happen. And the Buddha knows
[5:56] that if Anguli Mara killed his mother,
[5:58] there would be no chance of him gaining
[6:00] liberation. Yeah. So the Buddha the
[6:03] Buddha was completely driven by wanting
[6:06] to help others uh alleviate their
[6:08] suffering to liberate their mind um to
[6:11] gain the realization that or to realize
[6:13] what he'd realized. But if Anguli Mara
[6:16] committed that act, there'd be no way
[6:19] that he would be able to gain
[6:20] enlightenment. So the Buddha knows that
[6:22] he needs to go um and help. So the
[6:24] Buddha heads to the forest um to
[6:27] intervene in this situation.
[6:30] So the Buddha is aware um of the danger
[6:33] that Anguli Mara is in, but he'd also be
[6:35] aware of the danger that he was in. He
[6:38] knows who Anguly Mara is. He knows what
[6:40] Anguly Mara has done. Uh but he calmly
[6:43] uh fearlessly walks uh through the
[6:46] forest um to find Anguli Mara. Um and at
[6:50] some point Anguli Mara sees the Buddha
[6:52] and he knows that he's found his final
[6:55] victim. Um so he's got his 999 fingers.
[6:58] He sees the Buddha and he thinks, "Ah,
[7:00] that's going to be the final finger uh
[7:02] on my necklace." Um so he draws his
[7:06] sword and he chases after the Buddha.
[7:09] Now at this point the Buddha's walking
[7:11] along calmly. The Buddha's walking along
[7:13] fearlessly and Anguli Mara is running at
[7:17] him with his sword uh as fast as he can.
[7:20] But no matter how fast Anguli Mara runs,
[7:24] he can't catch up with the Buddha. So
[7:26] the Buddha's here kind of walking
[7:28] calmly, serenely. Uh Anguli Mara is like
[7:32] running as fast as he can, but he's just
[7:33] not reaching. And so because he's not
[7:36] reaching, he's trying harder and he's
[7:37] running faster, but he's still not
[7:39] reaching. He's getting more and more
[7:40] frustrated. He's getting more and more
[7:42] enraged. Uh cuz he wants to he wants to
[7:45] get his final finger. Um and exhausted,
[7:48] he cries out, "Stop, monk."
[7:52] So he cries out to the Buddha. And the
[7:54] Buddha turned around and replied, "I
[7:57] have stopped, Anguli Mara. You stop."
[8:03] So Anguli Mara heard this uh and he is
[8:05] confused. Um
[8:08] in the text he's basically like what do
[8:10] you mean? Um and and the Buddha the
[8:13] Buddha explains to him what he's meant.
[8:15] He says Anguli Mara I have forever
[8:17] stopped. I've laid aside violence toward
[8:20] all creatures but you can't stop
[8:23] yourself from harming living creatures.
[8:26] That's why I've stopped but you have
[8:29] not.
[8:35] Okay. So, Angulim Mara hears this reply
[8:38] uh from the Buddha
[8:40] and instantly um he he said he says
[8:44] this. He says, "Oh, at last a renowned
[8:47] great seer, an aesthetic has followed me
[8:50] into this deep wood. Now that I've heard
[8:53] your verse on Dharma, I shall live
[8:55] without evil."
[8:57] And at this point, um, he hurled his
[9:00] sword and weapons down a cliff into an
[9:02] abyss. I don't know where this cliff was
[9:04] because they're meant to be in a forest,
[9:05] but a cliff appears. Um, and he throws
[9:09] [laughter] he he throws his um sword and
[9:12] weapons um down a cliff into an abyss.
[9:16] Um, and at this point he bow he straight
[9:18] away he bows down to the Buddha um and
[9:20] he asks to be ordained as a monk. Um,
[9:22] and the Buddha replies, "Come, monk."
[9:25] uh and from that point um he had been
[9:28] ordained into into the Buddha's uh
[9:31] community.
[9:34] So at this point from from this point on
[9:36] um he's living with the Buddha and he's
[9:38] living as a monk. So he instantly from
[9:41] that uh from that moment of encountering
[9:43] the Buddha uh he leaves aside his old
[9:46] ways. He leaves aside um his path uh of
[9:50] murder uh and harm. Um and he becomes
[9:53] and he becomes a disciple of the Buddha
[9:55] and he lives with the Buddha. And when
[9:58] when the uh when when monks live with
[10:01] the Buddha, what they do is they'd go
[10:03] out um day to day and they'd beg for
[10:05] arms. So what that would be is they'd go
[10:07] with their bowl um they'd go out to
[10:09] houses and they'd ask for food. Uh and
[10:12] then they'd either receive it or not and
[10:13] then they'd come back together and
[10:14] they'd eat whatever they gathered. Um
[10:17] and so Anguli Mara did this just as all
[10:20] of the other monks did. Um but because
[10:23] um he was he had a reputation um from
[10:26] all of all the things that he'd done uh
[10:28] and the villagers they just hadn't
[10:30] forgiven him. Uh so even though in even
[10:32] though internally he'd had this kind of
[10:34] complete turning around I mean he'd
[10:36] completely devoted himself to the life
[10:39] um of of the dharma of practicing uh the
[10:42] Buddhist teachings. The villagers still
[10:44] hadn't um forgiven him. So every time he
[10:46] went out for arms um he was abused um
[10:50] and they threw sticks at him, they threw
[10:52] rocks at him, they threw gravel at him.
[10:54] Um and he returned to the Buddha. Um it
[10:57] said that his head was cracked, he was
[10:59] bleeding, his bowl was broken. Um and he
[11:02] he he explains to the Buddha what
[11:04] happens and the Buddha tells him to
[11:05] endure it. So he says, "You must endure
[11:08] this anguli mala. Um you're experiencing
[11:11] the repercussions um of your past
[11:13] actions." So you're experiencing the
[11:15] karmic repercussions of things that
[11:17] you've done in the past.
[11:20] Uh and then so the Anguli Mara carried
[11:22] on um carried on practicing um and
[11:26] living alone he soon realizes uh the
[11:28] supreme um realization that the Buddha
[11:31] did and and he gains enlightenment. Um
[11:34] so despite everything that Anguli Mara
[11:37] um did and went through um he managed to
[11:40] gain enlightenment.
[11:42] Okay. So that's that's the story of
[11:44] Anguli Mara.
[11:49] So what I'm going to do now, I'm just
[11:51] going to go through different aspects of
[11:53] it and kind of unpack it um and see and
[11:55] see what does that mean for us. What
[11:57] does that mean um for for what for for
[12:01] our minds and how we can practice?
[12:07] So I think it's interesting that he was
[12:09] named nonharm.
[12:11] Um so as a boy um his name was non harm.
[12:15] That was the name that he was given at
[12:16] birth. Um so this young boy who who went
[12:19] on to um murder many beings was named
[12:22] non harm and poetically speaking um it's
[12:26] as if his birth it's as if his birth
[12:28] name pointed towards his true nature um
[12:31] his true nature of nonharm but through
[12:34] his life um and through his actions it's
[12:36] as if he'd strayed um from that true
[12:39] nature. Um so it wasn't in his nature to
[12:42] be a murderer but through conditions um
[12:45] and through actions that led to states
[12:47] of mind uh that led to that that led to
[12:50] that result that led to him doing that.
[12:53] But through his encounter with the
[12:55] Buddha um he was able to find who he was
[12:57] actually meant to be. Yeah. Through his
[13:00] encounter with the Buddha he was able to
[13:01] return um or find his kind of real
[13:05] nature.
[13:07] And from a Buddhist perspective, this is
[13:08] the situation we're all in. Yeah. Uh so
[13:12] the Buddha said, so this when the Buddha
[13:14] was talking about what is the nature of
[13:16] the mind? What is the mind like? And he
[13:19] said the mind is luminous. Yes. The mind
[13:22] is luminous. It's radiant. It's clear.
[13:25] Uh but it's defiled by adventitious
[13:28] defilements. So that's what he said. He
[13:29] said the mind is radiant. It's luminous
[13:32] but it's def defiled by advent
[13:34] adventitious uh defilements.
[13:37] So what this is pointing to is that the
[13:39] truest state of mind uh is clear. Yeah.
[13:43] The truest state of mind is a state of
[13:45] clarity uh of beauty of compassion of
[13:48] wisdom. Uh but it gets clouded by these
[13:51] defilements. Yeah. And Buddhism is very
[13:54] clear on this. It says but there are
[13:55] also these defilements uh that drive us.
[13:58] they drive us in our life uh and they
[14:00] cause harm for ourselves and they cause
[14:02] harm uh for other beings. So these are
[14:05] the the forces of greed um the forces of
[14:08] hatred and the forces of delusion. So
[14:11] greed is this kind of grasping after
[14:13] things uh wanting to get our way uh
[14:15] wanting to um kind of fulfill our
[14:18] desires and manipulate things so that we
[14:20] get what we want. And then there's
[14:22] hatred as aversion uh which is a pushing
[14:24] away of things, a pushing away uh of
[14:27] experience.
[14:28] And then delusion uh we could think of
[14:31] it's it's a fundamental misunderstanding
[14:33] of the way that things are. Yeah. So the
[14:36] Buddhist said that it's not that we're
[14:38] bad, it's not that we're evil um as
[14:40] unenlightened beings, it's just that
[14:42] we've got it wrong. Yeah. So when um
[14:44] when people gained enlightenment, a
[14:46] common refrain um was it's as if what
[14:49] was overturned has been turned up. Uh or
[14:52] it's like um a cloud has been lifted or
[14:55] a veil has been lifted. It's like that.
[14:56] It's like we're just not seeing right.
[14:59] Um and that's what the delusion is. And
[15:02] I think we can get close to experiencing
[15:05] this uh on retreat. So when we've been
[15:08] on retreats um we spend some time we
[15:11] simplify our lives uh we turn inwards
[15:14] and we start to cultivate these positive
[15:16] qualities um so we'll have done
[15:18] [clears throat]
[15:19] on a retreat we do the mindfulness of
[15:21] breathing uh we cultivate this awareness
[15:23] we do the metaba uh we cultivate
[15:26] positive emotion
[15:27] and as we start to do that is that the
[15:30] mind becomes clearer um but it doesn't
[15:33] feel like you've added things on to your
[15:35] mind it doesn't feel like there's me and
[15:37] I've now added on these positive
[15:39] qualities. What it actually feels like
[15:42] is that we're becoming more ourselves.
[15:45] Yeah. So, we have this feeling of
[15:46] feeling, oh, I'm actually getting closer
[15:49] um to who I actually am. Um and it's as
[15:52] if the busyiness of life, uh kind of the
[15:54] the stress and the worries and trying to
[15:57] always manipulate things to get what I
[15:59] want, it's like that's making us lose
[16:02] touch with who we actually are. Uh but
[16:04] as we cultivate awareness, as we
[16:06] cultivate positivity, uh it's like we
[16:09] get back in touch with who we really are
[16:12] and and by the end of kind of maybe a
[16:14] weekend or a week or a few weeks on
[16:16] retreat, you just feel much closer. You
[16:19] just have this sense of like, oh, this
[16:20] is who I actually am. Um and you look
[16:23] back and you think, oh, how did I get so
[16:25] far um away from this?
[16:28] And I think that's what this is pointing
[16:30] to. It's like Anguli Mara, he was named
[16:32] nonharm. And so nonharm um was his
[16:35] actual nature. That was what his mind
[16:39] that was what [clears throat] his mind
[16:39] was actually meant to be like. Um but he
[16:42] he strayed from that. But through
[16:44] encountering the Buddha um he was able
[16:46] to return um to his true nature and he
[16:49] was able to return to or he actually
[16:51] retook up the name non harm. Um so after
[16:54] his enlightenment he returned to the
[16:56] name aims.
[17:06] So that's what that's what can happen
[17:08] for us. So as we practice the dharma uh
[17:10] as we practice ethics as we practice
[17:13] working on um acting skillfully as we
[17:15] work on our mind in meditation uh and
[17:18] reflect on the teachings of the Buddha
[17:20] it's like our true qualities start to
[17:23] emerge. Yeah. our true qualities
[17:25] actually start to come to the four um
[17:27] and come to the world and we realize
[17:29] actually um like I'm not my jealousy,
[17:33] I'm not my hatred, I'm not my kind of
[17:36] constant craving. It feel when we're
[17:38] when we're in states of positivity, it
[17:39] feels much truer uh to what what we're
[17:42] actually like.
[17:45] Okay. So that's that's kind of talking
[17:46] around his name. And the next incident I
[17:48] want to look at is um the accusation.
[17:51] Yeah. So he had this accusation against
[17:53] him. So he was a good student. He was
[17:55] fond of his teacher. Uh and because he
[17:57] was a good student, he refused the
[17:59] advances um as of his wife. But despite
[18:02] this, he was still sent away. Um so
[18:04] actually he this this this um bad thing
[18:07] that happened to him wasn't due to his
[18:09] actions. Um he acted well, but despite
[18:11] that bad things happened to him. Uh and
[18:14] this point towards the fact that for all
[18:16] of us um bad things will happen in our
[18:18] life. Yeah. That's just an inevitable
[18:20] part of life. Buddhism teaches suffering
[18:23] uh is an inevitable part of life. Um so
[18:26] even when we act well, misfortune can
[18:29] fall upon us but all we can control uh
[18:32] is how we respond to that. Yeah. And all
[18:35] we can do is try and cultivate positive
[18:37] qualities so that when we face the
[18:39] challenges of life uh we can meet them
[18:42] with positivity, we can meet them with
[18:43] wisdom, we can meet them with kindness.
[18:46] Uh and then there's this nice verse from
[18:48] there's a there's a thing called the
[18:49] four reminders. Um, and there's this
[18:51] nice verse in it which I think really
[18:53] encapsulates kind of the Buddhist view
[18:55] on this. So Buddhism doesn't say if you
[18:58] practice the dharma only nice things are
[19:00] going to happen forever. Um, but it does
[19:02] say that it gives us um ways that we can
[19:04] work on it. So it says the karma I
[19:06] create shapes the course of my life but
[19:09] however I act life always has
[19:11] difficulties. No one can control it all
[19:15] but only the dharma can free me and
[19:17] others from suffering forever. Yeah. So
[19:20] it's like bad things are going to happen
[19:23] but through working on our mind uh we
[19:26] can not then suffer the mindmade
[19:29] suffering that comes as a result of
[19:30] that. Yeah. But unfortunately for um
[19:34] Anguli Mara at this point when this
[19:36] happened at this point when his life
[19:37] fell apart uh he hadn't encountered the
[19:39] dharma. Uh he didn't have the tools for
[19:42] working on his mind in this way. Uh and
[19:45] so he kind of fell um into darkness. Uh,
[19:48] and I'm sure we've all had some
[19:50] experiences of that where it feels like
[19:52] things haven't gone our way. Uh, it
[19:54] feels like things are overwhelming and
[19:56] we just don't feel like we kind of have
[19:58] the tools um at the time to deal with
[20:01] it. Even if we look back and we say, "I
[20:02] would have done things differently now."
[20:04] But there will be things that happen to
[20:06] us where um they're hard to handle. But
[20:08] all we can do is try and cultivate the
[20:10] posit positive qualities so that in the
[20:13] future um we're able to face it with
[20:16] wisdom, with kindness, with compassion.
[20:20] So how did this how did this bright
[20:22] young man um go from being a student
[20:25] being a bright student, a diligent
[20:27] student to being in the forest holding a
[20:30] sword with a necklace um full of full of
[20:34] fingers? Um, and this here is it's
[20:36] basically pointing to uh the law of
[20:38] karma which I just mentioned in in in
[20:41] that quote. And so the law of law of
[20:44] karma um and I think yeah you actually
[20:46] looked at this in the intro course
[20:47] didn't you? So hopefully this is a bit
[20:49] of a recap. Um so the law of karma
[20:52] basically says how we act creates
[20:54] momentum. Yeah. So every action that we
[20:57] take creates a momentum in our mind. Um,
[21:00] and if we act in a certain way, it makes
[21:03] it more likely that we're going to act
[21:05] that way again in the future. Yeah. So,
[21:07] every action we take kind of builds a
[21:09] groove in the mind that makes us more
[21:12] likely uh to act again in the future. I
[21:14] think a modern way of talking about this
[21:17] um is probably this concept of
[21:18] neuroplasticity. Um, I haven't really
[21:21] thought about it before. I'm just saying
[21:22] this out loud now, but it's pro I think
[21:24] that is getting at what the law of karma
[21:26] is getting at. I think the law of karma
[21:28] is probably more multifaceted but this
[21:30] idea that what we do with our mind
[21:32] shapes our mind I think is actually
[21:34] quite a common um people kind of know
[21:36] that now but karma yeah the law of karma
[21:39] is trying to point towards but there are
[21:40] certain actions um that will lead to
[21:43] positive states of mind and there are
[21:44] certain actions that will lead to
[21:45] negative states of mind um so if we act
[21:48] from places of anger if we act from
[21:51] places of hatred that makes us more
[21:53] likely that we're going to do that again
[21:55] in the future Um, so if you think about
[21:58] Anguli Mara as a young man, he was
[22:00] probably desperate to redeem himself.
[22:02] Yeah. He'd been he'd been shamed. He'd
[22:05] been kind of um put in this situation
[22:07] where his life was falling apart. And I
[22:10] can imagine the first murder um wasn't
[22:13] easy for him. Yeah, he was a good man.
[22:15] Um but I can imagine the first murder
[22:17] was probably really difficult for him,
[22:18] but he thought that's what he had to do
[22:20] to redeem himself. Um, but once he
[22:23] committed that first murder, it was
[22:25] probably slightly easier to commit the
[22:27] second murder and then again slightly
[22:29] easier to commit the third to the point
[22:31] where he'd got 999 fingers um around his
[22:34] neck. Um, and this is quite an extreme
[22:37] example. Um, but actually this will
[22:40] apply uh to all of us um hopefully in a
[22:43] lesser form. Um but so anything anything
[22:47] any way that we choose to act um we need
[22:50] to acknowledge that actually that's
[22:52] going to make it more likely um that
[22:54] we're going to do that again in the
[22:55] future. So, for example, if we conceal
[22:57] things um or if we lie, if we tell a
[23:00] white lie, um that will make it easier
[23:02] to do that again in the future. Um and
[23:05] then once we've done that, it will make
[23:06] it easier to do that again. And then
[23:08] before we know it, we'll find ourselves
[23:10] uh like in a web of untruths that make
[23:13] it quite hard um to feel at ease, to
[23:15] make it quite hard to feel like, oh, I
[23:17] can actually just turn up in the world
[23:19] because you constantly feel like we're
[23:21] going to be um found out. Um so for
[23:23] example I say for um hopefully this
[23:26] isn't pointing to anyone too directly I
[23:29] haven't got anyone in my mind but say
[23:31] say you work from home um I've heard
[23:34] it's easy to kind of not work the full
[23:37] hours um and maybe at first you kind of
[23:39] like try like 15 minutes early and then
[23:42] okay okay that worked and then makes it
[23:44] more likely to do half an hour and then
[23:47] before you before you know it you're not
[23:48] working for half a day and then actually
[23:50] you then find yourself in a situation
[23:52] where you're having to lie, you're
[23:54] having to lie about how much you've
[23:56] done. Um and then there it would just
[23:58] lead to a constant state of unease,
[24:00] wouldn't it? If you're constantly being
[24:02] afraid of being found out. Um so this is
[24:05] kind of looking at the the unskillful
[24:08] actions. Unskillful actions lead um lead
[24:11] to more unskillful actions, but the same
[24:13] is true for positive actions as well for
[24:15] skillful actions. Um so if we act from a
[24:18] place of generosity um it'll be more
[24:20] likely that we'll do that again in the
[24:22] future. Yeah. So say we donate so say we
[24:26] donate some money actually at first um
[24:28] that will probably be quite painful if
[24:30] we're not in the habit of doing that.
[24:32] That'll probably be quite painful. It
[24:33] would require quite a lot of going
[24:35] beyond ourselves. Um but hopefully then
[24:38] we'd get the positive response as well.
[24:40] Um we'd feel kind of better in
[24:43] ourselves. We'd be able to hold
[24:44] ourselves a bit more upright. we'd feel
[24:45] like we were contributing and then that
[24:48] would lead us to be able to be more
[24:49] generous in the future. It be able to
[24:51] kind of give ourselves more freely in
[24:53] whatever way. Um and that kind of just
[24:56] has it that has a that has a kind of a
[24:59] cumulative cycle as well. Um so it's not
[25:02] just that negative actions lead to um
[25:05] more negative actions. It's also
[25:07] positive actions lead to more positive
[25:09] or skillful leads to more skillful. Um,
[25:11] so the more the more acts of kindness we
[25:14] do, uh, the more kind we're going to
[25:16] become. Yeah. It's not just like a
[25:17] one-off. We set a we set up a momentum,
[25:21] uh, of kindness. Uh, and in this way,
[25:23] this leads all the way to Buddhahood.
[25:25] Yeah. So the Buddha was a being who had
[25:28] complete awareness, uh, complete
[25:30] kindness, complete compassion, complete
[25:32] wisdom. Uh, but we can move towards that
[25:35] just act at a time. Yeah. So every act
[25:39] of kindness leads us more towards the
[25:41] mind of a Buddha. Every act of
[25:42] generosity leads us more towards the
[25:44] mind of a Buddha. Same with awareness,
[25:46] of mindfulness, of kind of um
[25:49] simplifying our lives. All of these
[25:51] things just moment by moment, action by
[25:53] action uh can lead us in that direction
[25:55] and it builds a momentum. Yeah. So it
[25:58] builds more and more momentum to the
[25:59] point where we'd have a lot of momentum
[26:01] going in that direction.
[26:05] Okay. So it let's get so we'll get to
[26:07] the climax of the story which is this
[26:10] wonderful image of the Buddha walking
[26:12] along calmly uh and Anguli Mara running
[26:16] as fast as he can uh but just not
[26:18] catching up to the Buddha. Yeah. So we
[26:20] got this Buddha walking completely
[26:22] slowly and Anguli Mara not being able to
[26:24] catch up to him. And on the face of it,
[26:27] this is an event that defies the natural
[26:29] laws that we're familiar with. Yeah. So
[26:31] you could think of this, it's like a bit
[26:33] like a miracle, isn't it? Um, and we can
[26:35] take this as literally or metaphorically
[26:37] as we want. Um, but what this is
[26:40] pointing towards is that Buddhahood uh
[26:43] follows completely different rules.
[26:45] Yeah. So the mind that we're used to,
[26:48] the mind that we're used to occupying,
[26:50] the mind that Anguli Mara is occupying,
[26:53] the mind of a Buddha follows completely
[26:55] different rules. Um, so we will never
[26:58] achieve Buddhahood with our habitual way
[27:01] of being. Yeah. So we've got this
[27:03] habitual way of being. Uh and to get to
[27:06] Buddhahood, we'll need to find a
[27:07] completely different way uh of being. So
[27:10] like I said said before about craving,
[27:12] if we're always chasing um after what we
[27:15] want, um if we're always trying to
[27:17] escape the things that we don't want. So
[27:19] as long as we're kind of stuck in this
[27:21] cycle of craving, hatred, and delusion,
[27:24] um we're never going to um well,
[27:26] enlightenment will always evade us.
[27:28] Yeah. As long as we're stuck in that
[27:29] cycle, enlightenment is always going to
[27:31] evade us. And this is what the this is
[27:33] what the Buddha is pointing to when um
[27:35] the Buddhi Mara cries out for the Buddha
[27:37] to stop. Um he says, "Stop monk." Uh and
[27:41] the Buddha replies that he has stopped.
[27:42] He says, "I have stopped, Anguli Mara.
[27:44] It's you that needs to stop." So yeah,
[27:47] what what does the Buddha mean here? Um
[27:50] so he doesn't mean he doesn't mean
[27:52] physically stopped. Um what he means is
[27:54] he is in the stillness of nana. Yeah. So
[27:58] Anguli Mara um is stuck running around
[28:02] in what we call samsara
[28:04] whereas the Buddha is dwelling in the
[28:07] stillness of nana. Yeah. So these are
[28:08] two Buddhist terms that come up again
[28:10] and again. So I'll say a little bit
[28:12] about what they mean. So samsara
[28:15] when we say when we say we're in samsara
[28:17] it's easy to think of samsara as a
[28:19] place. It's like oh yeah we're here in
[28:21] samsara. But actually that's not what
[28:22] it's getting at. What samsara is um is
[28:26] it's a state of mind. Yeah. So when we
[28:28] talk about being stuck in samsara, we're
[28:30] not talking about being kind of stuck in
[28:32] London. Uh we're talking about being
[28:34] stuck in a state of mind uh that's
[28:37] driven by a neurotic craving. Yeah.
[28:40] Driven by these forces of greed, these
[28:42] forces of hatred. um is these for this
[28:46] stuck in this way of not seeing clearly,
[28:48] of not seeing actually the way that
[28:50] things are, going after the wrong
[28:52] things, looking for satisfaction in
[28:54] places that are never going to actually
[28:55] lead to satisfaction, um and being
[28:58] ignorant of the ultimate truth of
[29:00] things.
[29:01] And so this comes from this tendency to
[29:04] see ourselves at the center of things.
[29:06] Yeah. So we all have this tendency to
[29:08] think that I am the center of the
[29:10] universe. Um, and even you might not say
[29:12] that to yourself, uh, but on some level
[29:15] you think it. Um, and I think it too,
[29:17] don't worry. Um, and it's that
[29:20] fundamental delusion, uh, that leads to
[29:23] this way of being where we're always
[29:24] just trying to get what we want. Yeah.
[29:27] Whereas if we truly saw that actually
[29:29] I'm just part of this constantly
[29:31] everchanging flux of phenomenon, uh,
[29:34] we'd be able to let go um, and just have
[29:37] and have the mind of a Buddha. Uh and
[29:39] the mind of a Buddha um is what we call
[29:42] being in nana. So again nana we don't
[29:44] want to think of nana as a place over
[29:46] there like we're here in samsara and
[29:48] conceive of nana as something over there
[29:51] like a sort of heaven. What nana is is
[29:53] as a state of mind. Yeah. Just as just
[29:56] as samsar is a state of mind. Nana is a
[29:58] state of mind. And the translation of
[30:01] nana um it means snuffing out. Um, so
[30:05] it's as if there's this flame uh that's
[30:07] been snuffed out. So there's these fires
[30:10] of greed, hatred, and delusion uh and
[30:13] the Buddha has snuffed them out. Yeah.
[30:15] So the fires of greed, hatred, and
[30:17] delusion have been completely
[30:18] eradicated. So it's a mind that's free
[30:22] of all mindmade suffering. Yeah. So it's
[30:25] not that the Buddha didn't um have pain,
[30:27] uh but he wouldn't have added um mental
[30:30] pain onto that. he wouldn't have
[30:32] suffered in the way that our mind causes
[30:34] us um all the suffering. We kind of add
[30:37] suffering onto our experience by
[30:38] resisting our experience and by wanting
[30:40] our experience to be other than it is.
[30:43] Um so when when uh when we're in when
[30:47] the mind is in a state of enlightenment
[30:49] uh it's completely aquinamous and it's
[30:52] completely imperturbable. Uh so it's
[30:54] like unshakable. uh there's this
[30:56] equinimity, there's this contentment,
[30:58] there's this stillness that's completely
[31:01] uh unshakable.
[31:03] And so when the Buddha says, "I have
[31:05] stopped," uh that's what he's pointing
[31:06] at. He's pointing at this mind that's
[31:09] completely unperturbable um and complet
[31:12] is completely aquamous.
[31:16] And so the Buddha says, the Buddha says,
[31:19] "I have stopped Anguli Mara. You need to
[31:22] stop." uh and instantly uh Anguli Mara
[31:26] sees the truth of this. Yeah. So there's
[31:28] something about Anguli Mara where he's
[31:31] able to be completely open uh to that
[31:34] teaching and receive it fully. So he
[31:37] says when when when the Buddha says
[31:38] this, he says, "At long a renowned great
[31:41] seer, an aesthetic has followed me into
[31:43] this deep wood." So here it's as if
[31:46] Anouli Mar has been waiting for this.
[31:49] Yeah. So he's in this state of this
[31:51] murderous kind of rage or whatever he's
[31:54] doing kind of killing all of these
[31:56] beings but on some level of his on some
[31:59] level of his being uh he's suffering.
[32:03] Yeah. Because actually we can't be in
[32:04] those states of mind without there being
[32:07] deep suffering. So on some level he's
[32:09] been waiting for someone to help him out
[32:11] of this state of mind. And the Buddha
[32:14] here didn't give him a great discourse.
[32:16] He didn't give him kind of a lengthy
[32:18] exposition of all of the conceptual mind
[32:21] teachings of the mind. He just says, "I
[32:24] have stopped. You need to stop." And the
[32:27] Buddha's presence uh the Buddha's way of
[32:30] being along with Anguli Mara's um
[32:33] receptivity uh Anguli Mara's kind of
[32:36] longing uh for a way to be free of this
[32:39] way of being uh he's able to completely
[32:42] take in that teaching and he's instantly
[32:44] changed. Yeah. So he instantly sees um
[32:47] that he's been on the wrong path and he
[32:49] instantly sees the path that he needs to
[32:51] go on and he asks to become a disciple
[32:54] on the spot. Yeah. So some people um the
[32:59] change takes longer. Um so for example
[33:01] um And who is uh the um Buddha's cousin
[33:06] who lived with the Buddha for a long
[33:07] time. It took him quite a long time um
[33:10] to to have these realizations. Whereas
[33:12] Anguli Mara it's kind of like instance.
[33:14] is said like I need to become a disciple
[33:16] please ordain me. Um and so and so he's
[33:20] ordained and so he enters this life um
[33:23] of following the Buddha. Uh and he
[33:25] doesn't instantly become enlightened but
[33:27] he instantly is committed to the path
[33:29] and he doesn't ever um fall back from
[33:31] his ways. Um and he throws his weapons
[33:34] off a cliff into an abyss. And I think
[33:36] this represents kind of a conscious
[33:38] putting down of all the ways that he's
[33:41] been acting before. Um and sometimes we
[33:44] need to do that. Sometimes there will be
[33:46] well a part of the path is kind of a
[33:49] gradual transformation that daytoday we
[33:52] don't really notice. Yeah. So we do the
[33:54] mindfulness of breathing dayto day. Uh
[33:56] and we might not see that um we change
[34:00] uh but actually after a while you can
[34:02] look back and see I've definitely
[34:03] changed from who I was. So there's kind
[34:05] of this change that happens drip by drip
[34:07] drip drip at a time um and slow change.
[34:11] Sometimes we do need to make a decisive
[34:14] putting down of the things that are
[34:15] holding us back. Um, and that'll be
[34:17] different for all of us, but I've
[34:19] definitely encountered times in my life
[34:21] where I've just seen, oh, this isn't
[34:22] working for me anymore. Um, I just need
[34:25] to stop. I just need to stop doing this.
[34:26] Particularly when I was um, younger, I
[34:29] was running a business and I was so
[34:30] driven by success um, and wanting to
[34:34] kind of make money and look cool. Um,
[34:37] and at some point it was just I can't do
[34:39] that anymore. Um, and I just had to put
[34:41] it down. Had to find a completely
[34:43] different way of being. Uh, and I think
[34:45] this is what this image is getting at.
[34:47] Anguli Mar he's throwing his swords and
[34:50] his weapons into an abyss. Like there's
[34:52] no picking them back up. They've gone
[34:54] into an abyss. So it's a complete
[34:56] putting down of his old way of being uh
[34:58] and committing himself to this new way
[35:00] of life. Um, so although there's still
[35:04] work to be done, he's really moved on.
[35:06] Yeah. And so we're coming we're coming
[35:09] close. We're coming close to the end of
[35:10] his story. Um, and he goes to the local
[35:14] town um to collect collect the food um
[35:17] as as all the monks do. Um, and he's
[35:19] having these things thrown at him. So,
[35:21] he's having rocks thrown at him. He's
[35:22] having sticks, he's having gravel thrown
[35:24] at him. Um, he's being beaten and
[35:26] bruised and he's bleeding and all these
[35:28] things. Um, but the Buddha tells him
[35:30] that he must endure it. Um, as it's the
[35:33] fruits uh of his karma.
[35:36] And I think this this is kind of
[35:37] pointing to even even if we change
[35:41] internally um we're still going to have
[35:43] to endure the f fruits of past actions.
[35:47] Um and I think this is basically what
[35:49] this what this teaches us is actually
[35:51] our mind has a strong momentum. Yeah. So
[35:55] when you start working on your mind when
[35:57] you start meditating and you start
[35:59] seeing the patterns of your mind uh
[36:02] there will be patterns that are really
[36:04] strong. Uh there will be patterns that
[36:06] feel kind of almost insurmountable
[36:08] sometimes. Um but actually just like
[36:12] Anguli Mara did uh we just a lot of the
[36:15] time we just need to endure them. Yeah.
[36:17] We don't need to lose heart. Uh we don't
[36:20] need to kind of lose faith in our
[36:22] ability to change. We just need to
[36:23] endure them. Um so for me for me the
[36:27] patterns that I come to most strongly um
[36:29] a fear and anxiety. Yeah. I can look
[36:32] back to like my earliest life. I was a
[36:34] very fearful child. Um, don't
[36:36] particularly know why, but I was just a
[36:38] very fearful child. And that that thread
[36:41] of or that momentum has just kind of
[36:43] gone through my life really strongly.
[36:45] Um, and I've acted in ways that
[36:47] perpetuated that. Yeah. Uh, and in a way
[36:51] with those strong patterns um with those
[36:54] strong kind of karmic patterns um we
[36:57] just need to be patient with them. we
[36:58] need to endure them um with positivity
[37:01] basically as much as we can. Yeah. So
[37:04] there'll be difficult parts of working
[37:05] on our mind. There'll also be joyful
[37:07] parts of working on our mind. Uh but the
[37:10] difficult parts of working on our mind,
[37:11] the kind of dealing with the momentum
[37:13] that we've built up from a Buddhist
[37:16] perspective over lifetimes. Yeah. So
[37:18] we'll have done certain things in this
[37:19] life that have patterned us in a certain
[37:21] way. But from a dharmic perspective
[37:23] that's gone through countless lifetimes.
[37:25] We've got a momentum. Uh and really um
[37:28] when we're facing those strong currents
[37:30] of the mind uh we just need to be
[37:32] patient with them. We need to endure
[37:34] them and trust that we can change them.
[37:37] Um trust that they will transform um in
[37:40] the way that Anguli Mara um was able to
[37:42] transform. So although Anguli Mara uh
[37:46] was a murderer, although he murdered 999
[37:49] people, um he does end up gaining
[37:51] enlightenment. He does end up uh
[37:54] liberating his mind.
[37:56] And what this is pointing to is um
[37:59] there's hope for us. Yeah. Um so Anguli
[38:02] Mara um who's this mass murderer is able
[38:05] to gain enlightenment. Um if he's able
[38:08] to do that um there's hope for us, isn't
[38:10] there? We're we're we're going to be
[38:12] able to do that too. Um so despite our
[38:15] flaws uh despite our shortcomings,
[38:17] despite um if we have difficulties that
[38:21] we just keep on facing again in our
[38:23] mind, um however large, however
[38:26] insurmountable um they might seem, um
[38:29] there's hope for us. We're all able to
[38:31] gain enlightenment just as the Buddha
[38:32] gained enlightenment just as Anguli Mara
[38:35] gained enlightenment, just as countless
[38:37] beings uh since the time of the Buddha
[38:39] have. Um that's possible for all of us.
[38:42] Yeah. And that's what this story is kind
[38:44] of pointing towards. It's like the
[38:46] worst. You can't imagine someone having
[38:49] done much worse, can you? Um but despite
[38:52] that, he was able to practice the dharma
[38:54] and he was able to free himself um from
[38:57] those states of mind. Um and he did gain
[39:00] enlightenment.
[39:02] Okay. And as he gains enlightenment
[39:05] um he has this um spontaneous verse that
[39:09] he utters. Um so I'm just going to
[39:12] finish with reading that. So um carry on
[39:15] sitting like that. You can carry on
[39:16] sitting as you are if you want or if you
[39:17] want to sit in meditation you can. But
[39:19] I'm just going to read out um a few
[39:21] verses um from Anguli Mara.
[39:36] it. So later venerable Anguli Mara was
[39:40] experiencing the bliss of release while
[39:42] in private retreat and on that occasion
[39:46] he expressed this heartfelt sentiment.
[39:50] He who once was heedless but turned to
[39:53] heedfulness shines upon this world like
[39:57] the moon freed from clouds.
[40:01] Someone whose bad deed is supplanted by
[40:04] the good shines upon this world like the
[40:07] moon freed from clouds.
[40:10] A young mendicant devoted to the
[40:13] Buddha's teaching shines upon this world
[40:17] like the moon freed from clouds.
[40:21] May even my enemies hear a dharma talk.
[40:25] May even my enemies devote themselves to
[40:27] the Buddha's teaching.
[40:29] May even my enemies associate with those
[40:32] good men who establish others in the
[40:35] dharma.
[40:37] May even my enemies hear dharma at the
[40:39] right time from those who teach
[40:42] acceptance,
[40:43] praising acquiescence,
[40:45] and may they follow that path.
[40:49] For then they'd never wish harm upon
[40:51] myself or others. Having arrived at
[40:54] ultimate peace, they'd look after
[40:57] creatures firm and frail. For while
[41:00] irrigators guide water, fletchers bend
[41:03] arrows straight, and carpenters bend
[41:06] timber straight, the astute tame
[41:09] themselves.
[41:12] Some tame by using the rod, some with
[41:15] goads and some with whips. But the
[41:18] unaffected one tamed me without rod or
[41:22] sword.
[41:24] My name is harmless, though I used to be
[41:28] harmful.
[41:30] The name I bear today is true, for I do
[41:33] no harm to anyone.
[41:36] I used to be a bandit, the notorious
[41:39] Anguli Mara, swept away in a great
[41:42] flood. I went to the Buddha as a refuge.
[41:47] I used to have blood on my hands. The
[41:50] notorious Anguli Mara. See the refuge I
[41:54] found. The leash to existence is
[41:57] eradicated.
[41:59] I've done many of the sort of deeds that
[42:01] lead to a bad destination.
[42:05] The result of my deeds has already
[42:07] struck me. So enjoy my food free of
[42:10] debt.
[42:12] Fools and simpletonans devote themselves
[42:15] to negligence, but the wise protect
[42:18] diligence as their best treasure.
[42:21] Don't devote to yourself to negligence
[42:24] or delight in erotic intimacy. For if
[42:27] you're diligent and practice absorption,
[42:30] you'll attain abundant happiness.
[42:33] It was welcome, not unwelcome. The
[42:36] advice I got was good. of the wellex
[42:39] expanded teachings. I arrived at the
[42:42] best.
[42:44] It was welcome, not unwelcome.
[42:48] The advice I got was good.
[42:51] I've attained the three knowledges and
[42:54] fulfilled the Buddha's instructions.
[43:03] Okay. And that brings our encounter uh
[43:06] with Anguli Mara to an